Science Structures Flashcards
Memorizing definitions (28 cards)
What is a frame structure?
They use vertical pillars and horizontal beams to support a load and together they form a framework.
What is a solid structure?
They are made of (a) solid piece(s) of material, unlike frame structures that use beams and columns and have a lot of empty space.
What is a shell structure?
They are designed to have a solid outer surface, often curved (or triangular like a house), that encloses a hollow interior.
Why are triangles used in structures?
The triangle is a very strong, rigid shape. You can add some into a square or rectangular structure can make them stronger.
What is a beam?
A beam is a length of material that is used horizontally to support a load.
What is a pillar?
A pillar is a length of material that is used vertically to support a load.
What is a工-beam?
They are an ‘I’ shaped cross-section, they are efficient components in a structure due to their high bending and shear resistance.
What is an L-beam?
They are made of two legs meeting at a 90-degree angle and are strong due to their resistance to both bending and shear stress.
What is a box beam?
Box beams are hollow beams, often made of wood, and are usually used for decoration.
They are strong because their shape helps spread weight and stop bending or twisting.
What is a cantilever?
A cantilever is a beam that is supported at only one end. Since there is only one support, a cantilever must have a high tensile strength.
What is an arch?
An arch is a curved structure that holds up weight. It spreads the weight through the curve and pushes it down and to the sides, where the supports hold it up.
What is a dome?
A dome is a structure that looks like the top half of a sphere. Like an arch, a dome directs the compression force downward.
What is a geodesic dome?
A geodesic dome is built up from a framework of triangles. Since triangles distribute forces evenly, the internal forces acting within the walls of the structure are balanced.
What is a truss?
A truss is a strong structure made of connected triangles.
The triangles help spread out the weight, so the structure can hold more using less material.
What is shear resistance?
A material’s ability to withstand forces that try to make its parts slide past each other.
What is high tensile strength?
A material ability to withstand a large amount of force when being pulled or stretched before it breaks.
What is a dynamic load?
A dynamic load is a force that changes or moves over time. It can be caused by things that are moving, like people, vehicles, or even wind.
What is a static load?
A static load is a force that is applied to a structure and stays the same over time.
What is a dead load?
A type of static load caused by the weight of the structure itself.
What is a live load?
A type of static load caused by the weight of the objects the structure supports.
What is tension?
Tension is a force that pulls or stretches an object.
What is compression?
Compression is a force that pushes or squeezes something together.
What is shear?
Shear is a force that pushes parts of an object in opposite directions, trying to making them slide past each other.
What is torsion?
Torsion is a force that twists an object, causing it to bend or turn at an angle.
