Science Stuff

Question 1

Antigens

Answer 1

A toxin or foreign substance which includes an immune response in the body.

Question 2

ABO blood grouping system

Answer 2

ABO blood grouping system: blood groups A has A antigens and B blood groups have B antigens and so on.

You can either be rheasus positive or rheasus negative.

This accounts for positive or negative sign next to the letter

Question 3

Forensics

Answer 3

The use of science to solve crime.

Question 4

Forensic odontologist

Answer 4

Someone who examines teeth and bite marks

Question 5

Cheiloscopy

Answer 5

The study of lip prints

Question 6

Observation

Answer 6

Any information collected with the 5 senses

Question 7

Inference

Answer 7

Conclusions or deductions based on observations

Question 8

Plaster of Paris

Answer 8

Specific type of plaster used to make a cast of a foot print

Question 9

Cast

Answer 9

Something that collects an exact mould of indents or scrapes

Question 10

Latent fingerprint

Answer 10

Fingerprints left behind from the oils on our skin

Question 11

Patent fingerprint

Answer 11

Fingerprints left behind in blood or paint

Question 12

Physical fingerprint

Answer 12

Fingerprints left behind in a mould of clay or gum

Question 13

Anthropology

Answer 13

The study of human skeletons to gain information about the subject eg. Height, age, weight, health

Question 14

Cortex

Answer 14

The part of your hair around the medulla that has pigment

Question 15

Medulla

Answer 15

Central core of a strand of hair

Question 16

Dactylography

Answer 16

A study of fingerprints as a method of identification

Question 17

Rhesus typing

Answer 17

You can either be rhesus positive or negative

Question 18

How accurate is blood typing? How can it help identify people?

Answer 18

While blood typing is accurate, it won’t help identify a single person as there are millions of people in every blood group. However it can help narrow it down to a single blood group and collect DNA from a person.

Question 19

Why do hairs and fibres found at a crime scene need to be compared under a microscope?

Answer 19

So that they can identify the difference between the two.

Question 20

What is a cuticle?

Answer 20

The outer coating of a strand of hair, it is composed of over lapping scales.

Question 21

If you were trying to identify two individual humans, what part of the hair would you examine?

Answer 21

The contex

Question 22

Identify two reasons fibre and hair is useful?

Answer 22

Because hair and fibre takes a long time to decompose and can also identify a human by extracting DNA.

Question 23

DNA fingerprinting, what is it? How is it used? Is it indicated to each human?

Answer 23

DNA is inherited from our parent, 50% mum and 50% dad. It can be extracted from things like hair and blood, etc. it is used to identify a person.

1. Collect DNA samples
2. Extract from sample
3. Make copies using polymerase chain reaction PCR
4. Cut into fragments using restriction enzymes
5. Fragments are sorted into gel electrophoresis
6. DNA fingerprinting is compared between victims and samples

Question 24

Locard’s exchange principal

Answer 24

The idea that when someone leaves something at a crime scene, a two way swap occurs meaning that they take something with them as well.

It might be a piece as small as a piece of dirt from the bottom of their shoe or in their clothes

Question 25

Trace evidence

Answer 25

Fibres, hair, soil, wood, pollen etc