Science T2

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 2

Body systems use _____, _____ and _____ to achieve homeostasis

Answer 2

Receptor (senses new variables)
Processing Center (finds what to do about it)
Effector (acts on the variable)

Question 3

Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 3

A type of feedback loop where a new variable is counteracted to try get to an ideal setting

Question 4

Positive Feedback Loop

Answer 4

A type of feedback loop where a new variable is intensified by a response

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 6

Osmosis

Answer 6

A special kind of diffusion that involves the diffusion of water across a cell membrane

Question 7

Active Transport

Answer 7

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 8

Cytosis

Answer 8

An active process in which materials move into or out of the cell enclosed as vesicles

Question 9

Cell Membrane

Answer 9

A biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment

Question 10

Passive Process

Answer 10

A way for ions and molecules to go through the cell membrane without using energy

Question 11

Three types of passive processes are ____, ____ and _____.

Answer 11

Simple diffusion, filtered diffusion, osmosis

Question 12

Excretion

Answer 12

The removal of wastes produced by metabolism within cells

Question 13

Elimination

Answer 13

The removal of undigested materials from the body

Question 14

Kidneys

Answer 14

Organs that filter blood to remove wastes (urine)

Question 15

Ureter

Answer 15

A tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 16

Bladder​

Answer 16

A organ that is the place for the temporary storage of urine.

Question 17

How does the bladder get urine out of it?

Answer 17

It contracts to squeeze the urine out​

Question 18

Urethra

Answer 18

A tube that transports urine from the bladder to outside of the body.​

Question 19

The three regions of the kidney are:

1. _____
2. ____
3. _____

Answer 19

1. Cortex (Outside)
2. Medulla (Middle)
3. Pelvis (Inside)

Question 20

Cortex (Outside)

Answer 20

An area in the kidney where the filtration occurs

Question 21

Medulla (Middle)

Answer 21

An area in the kidney where useful substances are reabsorbed

Question 22

Pelvis (Inside)

Answer 22

An area in the kidney where urine collects before travelling down to the bladder (via the ureter)

Question 23

Hypotonic Solutions

Answer 23

Solutions that have a low concentration (makes cells swell)

Question 24

Hypertonic Solutions

Answer 24

Solutions that have a high concentration (makes cells shrivel up)

Question 25

Isotonic Solutions

Answer 25

Solutions that are half liquid, half solute (cells stay the same)

Question 26

Nervous system

Answer 26

A series of tissues and organs that are the prime communication system within the body

Question 27

Sensory input

Answer 27

Monitoring stimuli occurring inside and outside the body

Question 28

Integration

Answer 28

Interpretation of sensory input

Question 29

Motor output

Answer 29

Response to stimuli by activating effector organs

Question 30

The sympathetic (speed up) division of nerves

Answer 30

A division of nerves that increases the action of the body e.g. increases heart and breathing rate

Question 31

The parasympathetic (slow down) division of nerves

Answer 31

A division of nerves that decreases the action of the body e.g. decreases heart and breathing rate

Question 32

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 32

The main nervous system that is made up of the brain and spinal cord

Question 33

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 33

A group of nerves that are made up of parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

The cell membrane is composed mainly of ___ and ___.

Answer 34

Lipids & proteins

Question 35

Diffusion only occurs when _____________________.

Answer 35

Diffusion only occurs when there is a difference in concentration between the two areas

Question 36

Why does osmosis work?

Answer 36

Water molecules are very small and so pass through the cell membrane easily.

Question 37

Osmosis is a ____ process.

Answer 37

Passive process

Question 38

Cell Body

Answer 38

A section of the neuron that carries out the essential cell processes that keep the cell alive

Question 39

Dendrites

Answer 39

Short branched extensions from the cell body that receive impulses from other neurons or receptors

Question 40

Axon

Answer 40

Single (usually) long cylindrical process extending from cell body that transmits nerve impulse away from cell body

Question 41

Myelin sheath

Answer 41

Bunches of fat around the axon

Question 42

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 42

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Question 43

Synaptic terminal

Answer 43

A part of the neuron at the end of the axons and dendrites that communicate to other neurons