science tech Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
a circular frame of hard
material that may be
solid, partly solid, or
spoked and that is capable
of turning on an axle.
A
WHEELS
2
Q
is a horological
device that tells the time
of day when direct
sunlight shines by the
apparent position of the
Sun in the sky.
A
SUNDIAL
3
Q
machine by which text and
images are transferred
from movable type to paper
or other media by means of
ink.
A
PRINTING PRESS
4
Q
is a heat
engine that performs
mechanical work using steam
as its working fluid. The
steam engine uses the force
produced by steam pressure.
A
STEAM ENGINES
5
Q
is a medication used to
manage and treat a wide range of infections. It is in the beta-
lactam antibiotic class of drugs.
This activity describes
penicillin’s indications, action,
and contraindications as a valuable
agent in treating infection.
A
Penicillin
6
Q
a machine or machine tool (such
as a spinning machine or lathe)
that after once being set
operates automatically except
for applying the power,
lubricating, supplying material,
and shutting off the power.
A
AUTOMATED
MACHINES
7
Q
is a telecommunications device that
permits two or more users to
conduct a conversation when they
are too far apart to be easily
heard directly.
A
TELEPHONES
8
Q
STONE AGE
BRONZE AGE
IRON AGE
A
ANCIENT ERA
9
Q
marks a period of prehistory in
which humans used
primitive stone tools
with an edge, a point,
or a percussion surface.
A
Stone Age
10
Q
PALEOLITHIC
MESOLITHIC
NEOLITHIC
A
STONE AGE
11
Q
is the period of prehistory from
approximately 3.3 million years ago to
around 12,000 years ago, during which
hominins (early humans) developed the use of
basic stone tools and artifacts (man-made
objects.
Language, art, scientific inquiry, and
spiritual life were some of the most
important innovations of the
era.
A
PALEOLITHIC
11
Q
is an archaeological term used to
describe specific cultures that fall
between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic
Periods. The use of small chipped stone
tools called microliths and retouched
bladelets are the key factors in
identifying the as a
prehistoric period.
A
Mesolithic
12
Q
final stage of cultural evolution or
technological development among
prehistoric humans. It was
characterized by stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding, dependence on domesticated plants or animals, settlement in permanent villages, and the appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving.
A
NEOLITHIC
13
Q
is a historic period, lasting from
approximately 3300 BCE to 1200 BCE. Characterized by the use of bronze, the use of writing in some areas.
The ___ marked the first time humans started to work with metal. Bronze tools and weapons soon replaced earlier stone versions.
A
BRONZE AGE
14
Q
lasted from roughly 1200
to 500 B.C.E. and its dates differed
by world region. The Hittites are
believed to have been the first known
people to make iron tools.
It is the period of human culture
characterized by the smelting of iron
and its use in industry.
A
Iron Age
15
Q
EUROPEAN AGE
DARK AGE
RENAISSANCE AGE
A
MIDDLE ERA
16
Q
The period is characterized
as a time when Europeans
began exploring the world
by sea in search of new
trading routes, wealth, and
knowledge.
A
EUROPEAN AGE
17
Q
PREHISTORIC EUROPE
CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
MIDDLE AGES
MODERN ERA
A
EUROPEAN AGE
18
Q
is a term for the
Early Middle Ages or occasionally
the entire Middle Ages, in Western
Europe after the fall of the Western
Roman Empire that characterizes it
as marked by economic, intellectual,
and cultural decline.
A
Dark Ages
19
Q
was a fervent period
of European cultural, artistic,
political and economic “rebirth”
.
Generally described as taking place
from the 14th century to the 17th
century, promoted
the rediscovery of classical
philosophy, literature and art.
A
Renaissance
20
Q
EARLY MODERN PERIOD
LATE MODERN PERIOD
A
MODERN ERA
21
Q
is considered to have lasted from the 16th to the 19th centuries (about 1500–1800)
A
Early modern period
22
Q
began around
1800 with the end of the political
revolutions in the late 18th
century and involved the transition
from a world dominated by imperial
and colonial powers into one of
nations and nationhood following
the two great world wars, World War
I and World War II.
A
late modern period
23
Q
was the critical transition that
resulted in the birth of agriculture.
people learned to cultivate plants and
domesticate animals.
broaden the production of food
improved the quality of human
nutrition.
A
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
24
improved farming techniques and mass
cultivation of crops
greater production of food and
transformation of societies and
economies
it first took place in the Fertile
Crescent - a boomerang shaped region in
the Middle East
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
25
change from an agrarian and handicraft
economy to one dominated by industry
and machine manufacturing.
transition from creating goods by hands
to using machines
inventions of machines and adaption of
factory system.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
26
sudden and violent revolutions that
seek not only to establish a new
political system but to transform an
entire society
differences of political beliefs
POLITICAL REVOLUTION
27
Science and Technology lie at
the heart of some of the
greatest dangers to the survival
of humanity and the
sustainability of the Earth:
climate change, pandemics, and
nuclear war.
THREATS TO HUMAN SURVIVAL
28
“Not because it’s good for you,
will be good to everyone”
-voluntary participation,
-informed consent,
-anonymity,
-confidentiality,
-potential for harm
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
29
“EQUALITY vs. EQUITY
“Who needs more?”
“Who needs to be given more?”
“Do they need it both equally?”
DISPARITIES
30
Competitions or problems that
might arise between two or more
groups of individual because of
differences and barriers.
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONFLICTS
31
Advancements and progress of
science and technology means
sacrificing nature’s life
because of pollution.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEM
32
I was born on July 18, 1922 and died on
June 17, 1996.
At present, I am a ghost, sitting beside
a lady. Just kidding. Haha!
I am one of the most influential
philosophers of science of the twentieth
century.
THOMAS S. KUHN
33
I have a book entitled, The Structure of
Scientific Revolutions, and it became
one of the most cited academic books of
all time.
THOMAS S. KUHN
34
is a simple cycle of progress described by Thomas Kuhn in 1962 in his seminal work “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”
KUHNIAN’S CYCLE
35
is characterized by upheaval over
cycles of puzzle-solving and
scientific revolution, as
opposed to cumulative
improvement.
consists in the
actualization of that promise,
an actualization achieved by
extending the knowledge of those
facts that the paradigm displays
NORMAL SCIENCE
36
also known as the PRE-
PARADIGM STAGE.
there is not yet a
model of understanding (the
field's paradigm) mature enough to
solve the field's main problems.
The model may be close. It may be
promising and thus be attracting
plenty of followers.
PRE-SCIENCE
37
is caused by what
Thomas Kuhn called anomalies. An
anomaly is an unexpected
discovery one's paradigm cannot
explain, which includes
discovery of problems the
paradigm cannot solve.
The model of understanding
starts to drift, due to
accumulation of anomalies,
phenomenon the model cannot
explain.
Model drift
38
The Model Drift becomes so
excessive the model is broken.
It can no longer serve as a
reliable guide to problem
solving. Attempts to patch the
model up to make it work fail.
The field is in anguish.
Field's model of understanding
has drifted so far the field is
thrown into crisis, because they
can no longer make rational
decisions.
MODEL CRISIS
39
This begins when serious
candidates for a new model
emerge. It's a revolution
because the new model is so
radically different from the old
one.
In this step a field's model of
understanding is undergoing
revolutionary change because the
old model failed.
MODEL REVOLUTION
40
A single new paradigm emerges
and the field changes from the
old to the new paradigm.
an important change that happens
when the usual way of thinking
about or doing something is
replaced by a new and different
way.
PARADIGM CHANGE
41
was the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy), and chemistry transformed societal views about nature.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
42
a cosmological model in which the Sun is assumed to lie at or near a central point. (Nicholas
Copernicus)
HELIOCENTRIC THEORY
43
theory of the structure of the solar system (or
the universe) in which Earth is
assumed to be at the center of it all. (Ptolemy)
GEOCENTRIC THEORY
44
The technical field of using
microscopes to view samples &
objects that cannot be seen with
the unaided eye.
____ techniques can provide
the necessary information by
acquiring an image of the material
and the morphology of the sample is
analyzed with the help of this
image at micro or nanoscale.
Microscopy
45
is a mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are
more adapted to their environment
are more likely to survive and pass
on the genes that aided their
success. This process causes
species to change and diverge over
time.
NATURAL SELECTION
46
VACCINES, ANTIBIOTICS - treat diseases and improve your health.
VITAMINS - a form of nutrient (called micronutrients) that are needed in small amounts.
MEDICINE
47
treat diseases and improve your health.
VACCINES, ANTIBIOTICS
48
a form of nutrient (called micronutrients) that are needed in small amounts.
VITAMINS
49
Originally established as the
National Science and Development
Board (NSDB) on 13 June 1958
Was reconstituted as the National
Science and Technology Authority
(NSTA) on 17 March 1981
Department of Science and Technology
50
is the premiere
science and technology body in
the country charged with the twin
mandate of providing central
direction, leadership and
coordination of all scientific and
technological activities, and of
formulating policies, programs and
projects to support national
development.
Department of Science and
Technology (DOST)
51
Congress passes a law establishing the National Science Development
Board (NSDB) upon the recommendation of Dr. Frank Co Tui, who was
tasked to survey the state of Philippine S&T during the Garcia
administration
1958
52
NSDB revamped as the National Science and Technology Authority
(NSTA) and accorded broader policymaking and program
implementing functions
1982
53
NSTA elevated to Cabinet level and becomes the DOST in response to
increasing demands for S&T intervention in national development
1987
54
DOST-ASTI is mandated to undertake research and development activities
aimed at strengthening and modernizing Information and Communications
Technology and
microelectronics
▪ DOST – ASTI focuses its resources in the following programs: Information
and Communications Technology R&D, Microelectronics R&D, Technology
Transfer, and Space Technology
▪ DOST – ASTI through partnership with local and foreign offices provides an
array of services from networking, DNS, electronics and products
development, high performance computing, to space technology, enabling
real-time interaction, and formation of user communities.
Advanced Science and
Technology Institute
55
the principal research
arm of the government in food and nutrition
▪ It was created under Executive Order No. 128 signed on January 30, 1987. As
such, the Institute is committed to pursue the goals and objectives of the
National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP) and the Philippine Plan of Action
for Nutrition (PPAN)
Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)
56
was restructured internally to address the changing needs of
the forest based industries.
▪ Conduct research on the proper identification, properties, uses, processing
and protection of forest products, to improve their utility, quality,
serviceability and economic value.
▪ Commercialize generated and adapted technologies to identified clientele
and provide technological information to industries and other users of forest
products.
▪ Formulate and recommend grading rules, specifications and quality
standards of forest products.
▪ Provide consultancy and technical assistance to forest products-using
industries to improve product quality, upgrade efficiency and increase
productivity.
Forest Product Research
and Development Institute
57
The ITDI is among the instrumentalities that laid the groundwork, in the
early years, for S&T in the country
▪ Today, it is one of the DOST's RDIs (research and development institutes)
and undertakes multidisciplinary industrial R&D, technical services, and
knowledge translation or technology transfer and commercialization
▪ The ITDI is multidisciplinary and its R&D activities are focused on five
major areas, namely: food processing, materials science, chemicals and
energy, environment and biotechnology, and packaging technology
Forest Product Research
and Development Institute
58
It mandate to undertake research and development activities in the
peaceful uses of nuclear energy, to institute regulations on the said uses and
to carry out the enforcement of said regulations to protect the health and
safety of radiation workers and the general public
Philippine Nuclear
Research Institute
59
PAGASA, one of the attached agencies of the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) under its Scientific and Technical Services Institutes, is
mandated to “
provide protection against natural calamities and utilize
scientific knowledge as an effective instrument to insure the safety, well-
being and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of
national progress.
” (Section 2, Statement of Policy, Presidential Decree No. 78;
December 1972 as amended by Presidential Decree No. 1149; August 1977)
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical &
Astronomical Services Administration
60
is a
service institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that is
principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena
Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology
61
operating under one System of
Governance and Management, provides scholarship to students with high
aptitude in science and mathematics. It is based on a curriculum that
emphasizes science and mathematics and the development of well-rounded
individuals
Philippine Science High School
System
62
SEI is one of the service institutes of the DOST engaged in providing
scholarships, awards and grants and developing, implementing and
supporting programs to promote science and technology culture in order to
create a pool of future scientists and engineers for the country
Philippine Education
Institute
63
In 1993, National Development (STAND)
was established. Among its priorities were: (1) exporting winners
identified by the DTI; (2) domestic needs identified by the President's
Council for Countryside Development; (3) support industries and (4)
coconut industry development.
Provide central direction, leadership and coordination of scientific and
technological efforts and ensure that the results therefrom are geared and
utilized in areas of maximum economic and social benefits for the people.
The goal of science is to answer questions and increase knowledge. The
goal of technology is to find solutions to practical problems.
Science and Technology
Agenda
64
are the blueprint to achieve a better
and more sustainable future for all.
also known as the Global Goals,
were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to
end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy
peace and prosperity.
The 17 SDGs are integrated—they recognize that action in one area will
affect outcomes in others, and that development must balance social,
economic and environmental sustainability.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
65
are eight goals with measurable
targets and clear deadlines for improving the lives of the world's poorest
people. To meet these goals and eradicate poverty, leaders of 189 countries
signed the historic millennium declaration at the United Nations
Millennium Summit in 2000.
Goal 1 - Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2 - Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3 - Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4 - Reduce child mortality
Goal 5 - Improve maternal health
Goal 6 - Combating HIV/AIDs, malaria, and other diseases
Goal 7 - Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8 - Develop a global partnership for development
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
66
was a Greek philosopher
who made important contributions by
systemizing deductive logic and
wrote on physical subjects. His
philosophy had a long-lasting
influence on the development of all
Western philosophical theories.
Aristotle
67
is a towering figure in
ancient Greek philosophy, who made
important contributions to logic,
criticism, rhetoric, physics, biology,
psychology, mathematics, metaphysics,
ethics, and politics. He was a student
of Plato for twenty years but is
famous for rejecting Plato's theory of
forms.
Aristotle
68
refers to a
positive moral
quality or
character trait
that is considered
morally good and
desirable.
Virtue
69
It is an ethical framework that says
that we ought to focus not on what
rules to follow, but on what kinds of
people (or organizations) we should
be, and what kinds of ethical
exemplars we ought to imitate.
VIRTUE THEORY
70
Generosity
Kindness
Courage
Honesty
Compassion
Temperance
Respect
Loyalty
Friendliness
VIRTUES
71
"middle way" is an ancient
concept described in various traditions. The
concept was often discussed within ethical
contexts and considered as a virtue.
The golden mean of Aristotle is a principle
that suggests virtue lies between extremes
and that the ideal moral behavior is found
in a moderate and balanced approach.
Golden mean
72
Aristotle says that the purpose of
mankind is eudaimonia—happiness. So, the
purpose of man is to achieve,
which is a state of serene and permanent
happiness, rather than the momentary
exaltation of the senses. In this way,
our actions will be good or bad,
depending on this ultimate goal.
EUDAIMONIA
73
by the Greek
philosopher Aristotle considers the
nature of human action and ethics, rooted
in the concept of eudaimonia, often
translated as happiness. However, it
means the highest good, that which humans
seek for its own sake and not for the
sake of something else.
Nicomachean Ethics
74
A.)that a single problem does not have a
single solution,
B.)that people experience different spheres
of experience and life, and
C.)that what looks like virtues are actually
just adaptations to bad things in the world.
Three main arguments against Aristotle:
75
Martin Heidegger was born in Germany in
1889. He grew up to become one of the
most influential philosophers of
existentialism: the sphere of
philosophy that questions human
existence and our responsibilities as
free and independent beings in the
world.
HEIDEGGERIAN THEORY
76
Heidegger's philosophy depends on the
idea that the world's existence
connects to human existence. He
believed that human existence is the
meaning of existence. The world
exists because we are there, which is
meaningless if not connected to us.
HEIDEGGERIAN THEORY
77
refers to
creations of the mind, such as
inventions; literary and artistic
works; designs; and symbols,
names and images used in
commerce.
Intellectual property (IP)
78
is the granting of a
property right by a
sovereign authority to an
inventor. This grant provides
the inventor exclusive rights
to the patented process,
design, or invention for a
designated period in
exchange for a
comprehensive disclosure of
the invention.
Patent
79
refers to the legal
right of the owner of
intellectual property. In
simpler terms, copyright is
the right to copy. This
means that the original
creators of products and
anyone they give
authorization to are the only
ones with the exclusive
right to reproduce the work.
Copyright
80
is a symbol made up
of text and images that
identifies a business. A good
logo shows what a company
does and what the brand
values. Logo design is all
about creating the perfect
visual brand mark for a
company.
Logo
81
is any indication which
identifies a good as
originating in a territory,
region or locality, where a
given quality, reputation or
other characteristic of the
good is essentially
attributable to its
geographical origin and/or
human factors
Geographical indication (GI)
82
is a unique
symbol or word(s) used to
represent a business or its
products. Once registered,
that same symbol or series
of words cannot be used by
any other organization,
forever, as long as it
remains in use and proper
paperwork and fees are
paid.
TRADEMARKS
83
a. counterfeiting,
b. Piracy
c. Plagiarism,
d. Infringement
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY CRIMES
AND VIOLATIONS
84
is a fraudulent
imitation (a forgery) of a trusted
brand and product.
cause significant
losses to the honest businesses
whose products they're faking,
since they're stealing customers
and revenues from right under
their noses. This in turn
contributes to layoffs, and in the
worst cases even the closure of an
honest business.
Counterfeiters
85
refers to the unauthorized
duplication of copyrighted content
that is then sold at substantially
lower prices in the 'grey' market.
Piracy
86
Presenting work or ideas from
another source as your own, with
or without consent of the original
author, by incorporating it into
your work without full
acknowledgement.
PLAGIARISM
87
a Filipina pediatrician, founded the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines.
FE DEL MUNDO
88
Filipino volcanologist, known for his work on geothermal energy.
ARTURO ALCARAZ
88
former Secretary of the DOH, a biochemist and nutritionist, developed "enriched rice".
JUAN SALCEDO JR.
89
a chemist, regarded as the "Father of Philippine Science Laboratory", created a formula for producing pure alcohol from "tuba"
ANACLETO DEL ROSARIO
90
a Filipino biochemist, focused on the production of ethyl esters from coconut and sugarcane.
JULIAN BANZON
91
a mechanical engineer, together with his team, he invented the Lunar Rover or Moon Buggy.
EDUARDO SAN JUAN
91
invented Filipino engineer and physicist, the first two-way videophone.
GREGORIO ZARA
91
Filipino inventor and horticulturist, invented a way of inducing more flowers in mango trees.
RAMON BARBA
92
TELEPHONE
Alexander Graham Bell
93
Lightbulb
Thomas Edison
94
Yoyo
Pedro Flores
95
Karaoke
Roberto Del Rosario
96
Incubator
Fe Del Mundo
97
Moon Buggy
Eduardo San Juan
98
Videophone
Gregorio Zara
99
registered with US patent and trademark office (you can sue if somebody use/steal your brand.
EGISTERED TRADEMARK ()
100
a not yet registered trademark, unregistered.
TRADEMARK ()
101
