Science Term 3 test Fossil Fuels

Question 1

Define energy

Answer 1

• Energy is ability to do work and make change.
• Everything we do uses energy
• We can store or use the energy

Question 2

Define Kinetic energy

Answer 2

*This is the energy possessed by a moving object

Question 3

Throwing a ball

Answer 3

Kinetic energy

Question 4

Moving bus

Answer 4

Kinetic energy

Question 5

Water flowing through a dam

Answer 5

Kinetic energy

Question 6

Define Potential energy

Answer 6

*Stored energy is potential energy
*Can be used another time

Question 7

A ball in the hands of a boy

Answer 7

Potential energy

Question 8

Bus filled with fuel

Answer 8

Potential energy

Question 9

Water behind the dam

Answer 9

Potential energy

Question 10

Define Atom

Answer 10

*Substances are made of particles called atoms
*Smallest unit of elements

Question 11

Element

Answer 11

*Substances that are made up of one specific type of atom

Question 12

Define Periodic Table

Answer 12

*Where to get information about all known elements and where new elements can be placed
*2 key sections - metal and non-metals.

Question 13

Define Alkali metals

Answer 13

alkali metal, any of the six chemical elements that make up Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table—namely, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). The alkali metals are so called because reaction with water forms alkalies (i.e., strong bases capable of neutralizing acids)

Question 14

Define halogens

Answer 14

Halogens are the chemical elements that are present in the 17th group of periodic table. Halogen is derived from the Greek word “Halo” which means salts and “gen” which means formation. As the name suggest they are helpful in generating salts with metals.

Question 15

Define Nobel gases

Answer 15

A gaseous chemical element that does not readily enter into chemical combination with other elements. An inert gas. Examples are helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

Question 16

Metals

Answer 16

Left of the line except for hydrogen which is a nonmetal

Question 17

Non metals

Answer 17

Right of the line

Question 18

Define metals

Answer 18

*Good conductor of heat and electricity
* Most of metals are solid at room temperature except mercury which is solid
*Shiny appearance

Question 19

Define Non-metals

Answer 19

• Bad conductor of heat and electricity
• Many of the elemental nonmetals are gases at room temperature, while others are liquid and others are solids
  *Dull appearance

Question 20

Carbon

Answer 20

non-metal

Question 21

Aluminium

Answer 21

Metal

Question 22

Silicon

Answer 22

non-metal

Question 23

Oxygen

Answer 23

Non-metal

Question 24

Calcium

Answer 24

metal

Question 25

Sodium

Answer 25

Metal

Question 26

Define Electrons

Answer 26

*Negative charge *Mass of 1/1840 of a proton/neutron

Question 27

Define Protons

Answer 27

*Positive charge *Same mass as a neutron

Question 28

Define Neutron

Answer 28

*Particles with no charge. *Same mass as a proton

Question 29

Atomic number

Answer 29

Number of protons/electrons

Question 30

Mass number

Answer 30

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 31

Number of neutrons

Answer 31

Mass number subtract atomic number

Question 32

Electronic configuration

Answer 32

1st energy level = 2 electrons 2nd energy level = 8 electrons 3rd energy level = 8 electrons 4th energy level = 16 electrons

Question 33

Define Compound

Answer 33

* Substance made up of two or more different elements * Combined chemically

Question 34

Is water a compound

Answer 34

Yes, hydrogen + oxygen

Question 35

Is salt a compound

Answer 35

Yes, Sodium + Chlorine

Question 36

Is cereal a compound

Answer 36

No it is a mixture, milk + cereal

Question 37

Is avacado toast a compound

Answer 37

No it is a mixture, avacado + toast

Question 38

Define mixture

Answer 38

*2 or more substances are mixed but arent chemically combined

Question 39

What are the 3 main fossil fuels

Answer 39

Coal, oil, and natural gas

Question 40

Define seepages

Answer 40

where oil seeps out of the ground

Question 41

Hydropower

Answer 41

renewable

Question 42

Solar

Answer 42

renewable

Question 43

Biomass

Answer 43

renewable

Question 44

Wind

Answer 44

Renewable

Question 45

Coal

Answer 45

Non-renewable

Question 46

Geothermal

Answer 46

Renewable

Question 47

Nucleur

Answer 47

Non-renewable

Question 48

Oil

Answer 48

non-renewable

Question 49

Natural Gas

Answer 49

Non-renewable

Question 50

How are fossil fuels extracted?

Answer 50

Drilling & Mining

Question 51

List separation method

Answer 51

Extraction Chromatography

Question 52

Define Extraction

Answer 52

Separating different componenets present in the same substance

Question 53

Define chromatography

Answer 53

* Chromatography is used to separate soluble (dissovlved) solid materials so they can be identified *Its used to see how many substances are present

Question 54

Define Substance

Answer 54

physical material from which something is made or which has discrete existence

Question 55

Distillation

Answer 55

Used to separate 2 liquids which are mixed (Soluble) or a solid and a liquid (insoluble)

Question 56

Simple distillation process

Answer 56

* Solution is heated in a flask until it boils and the steam rises * The condenser around the outside is cooled by flowing water *The steam condenses back into liquid and is collected

Question 57

Red

Answer 57

Strong acid

Question 58

Orange/yellow

Answer 58

weak acid

Question 59

Green

Answer 59

neutral

Question 60

blue

Answer 60

weak base

Question 61

Purple

Answer 61

strong base

Question 62

Blue litmus turns red

Answer 62

acid

Question 63

Red litmus paper turns blue

Answer 63

base

Question 64

ph 0

Answer 64

most acidic

Question 65

ph 7

Answer 65

neutral

Question 66

ph 14

Answer 66

most base

Question 67

Define acid

Answer 67

* Sour taste * Good for food preservation (Kills germs) * Substance with a ph lower than 7

Question 68

Define Base

Answer 68

* Bitter taste * Feels slimy/slippery * Ph above 7 * Good for cleaning

Question 69

Define Neutralisation reaction

Answer 69

* When base neutralises an acid * returns ph to 7

Question 70

Conclusion

Answer 70

A summary of what you saw happening and whether it matched your hypothesis

Question 71

Define Global warming

Answer 71

The rise in temperature of the surface of the earth

Question 72

Greenhouse effect

Answer 72

Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to greater greenhouse effect

Question 73

List 4 greenhouse gases

Answer 73

1 carbon dioxide 2 methane 3 nitrous oxide 4 water vapour

Question 74

greenhouse effect process

Answer 74

1) Sun rays enter earth's atmosphere as light and heat energy 2)Some of the heat is reflected from the earth's surface 3) Some of the heat escapes 4) Some of the heat gets absorbed by the green house gases in the atmosphere 5) Earth gets hotter

Question 75

Define combustion

Answer 75

burning a fuel in oxygen The product formed is an oxidised form of the original (If a substance oxidizes, it combines with oxygen and loses hydrogen to form another substance)

Question 76

climate

Answer 76

the weather conditions in a certain area

Question 77

What happens to nonmetal and oxygen when burnt?

Answer 77

Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 78

what are the environmental impacts of coal?

Answer 78

* The burning of coal produces a lot of waste products such as the metal mercury. * Burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide which makes acid rain * Mining for coal uses a lot of water which drains rivers

Question 79

How does natural gas affect the environment?

Answer 79

*Produces carbon dioxide *Non renewable *Price is increasing because supplies are running out

Question 80

How does oil affect the environment?

Answer 80

*Carbon dioixde *In order to extract other chemicals will be used * Extracting oil results in large oil spills which harm ocean wildlife

Question 81

What causes incomplete combustion of fuels?

Answer 81

lack of oxygen

Question 82

What are the products of the complete combustion of coal? You may pick more than one option

Answer 82

Carbon dioxide Water

Question 83

Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons. How many electron shells does sodium have?

Answer 83

3

Question 84

What is ocean acidification? (3 statements)

Answer 84

Cause by too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere When carbon dioxide goes into the water, forms carbonic acid Lowers the pH of the water

Question 85

What is one negative impact of ocean acidification?

Answer 85

Food webs and ecosystems disrupted