Science Test Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
nucleus
A
contains genetic info in the form of dna
2
Q
ribosomes
A
where new proteins are made (photosynthesis)
3
Q
mitochondria
A
powerhouse of the cell. site of cellular respiration (energy released)
4
Q
cytoplasm
A
site of many chemical reactions (jelly-like)
5
Q
cell membrane
A
controls entry/exit of substances from cell (lipid bilayer)
6
Q
Chemical Reactions are controlled by
A
enzymes (biological catalysts) - speed up chemical reactions
7
Q
Specialised Animal Cells
A
muscle cells, skin cells, nerve cells
8
Q
animal and plant cells are
A
eukaryotic and multicellular
9
Q
cell wall
A
provides support and protection
10
Q
vacuole
A
large, central, fluid filled vacuole is a storage organ - contains cell sap
11
Q
chloroplasts
A
site of photosynthesis, contains green pigment chlorophyll - absorbs light
12
Q
specialised plant cells
A
palisade cell, root hair cell, guard cell
13
Q
endoplasmic reticulum
A
transport/modify substances - at transport system
14
Q
Eukaryotic
A
- true nucleus
- membrane found organelles
- animals and plants
14
Q
cells are the
A
smallest unit of light
14
Q
organelles are
A
mini organ structures found inside cells - subcellular structures
15
Q
Root Hair Cell
A
Specialised, large SA, absorb more H20 and mineral ions
15
Q
Prokaryotic
A
- no true nucleus
- no membrane found organelles
- bacteria
16
Q
exothermic (cellular respiration)
A
energy is released from reaction to surroundings. As a result, surroundings get hotter.
17
Q
endothermic (photosynthesis)
A
energy is absorbed from the surroundings into reaction. Surrounding get colder.
18
Q
How, where do plants make their food
A
through photosynthesis and in chloroplasts. glucose is food for the cell
19
Q
Cellular respiration equation?
A
oxygen + glucose - carbon dioxidde + water
20
Q
Photosynthesis equation?
A
water + carbon dioxide - glucose + oxygen
21
Q
Photosynthesis number equation?
A
6H20 + 6CO2 - C6H1206 + 6O2
22
Autotrophs
trap lightAndn convert it into chemical energy.
23
water and carbon dioxide are the
reactants
24
Heterotrophs
organisms that can't make their own food are heterotrophs and rely on on producers for all their energy
25
Glucose and oxygen are the
products
26
the leaf function
to provide glucose by photosynthesizing
27
glucose functions?
starch storage
Cellular respiration
Cellulose (cell wall )
Amino acids proteins
Fats and oils ( fats - lipids )
28
leaves are broad and flat
to maximise surface area to achieve maximum light absorbed for photosynthesis
29
adaptions are
special features that allow it to perform a particular function
30
dependent variabke
what you measure
31
Independent variable
what you change
32
controlled variabls
what stays the same
33
stomata are pores/holes located on
the underside of the leaf
34
what is the function of stoma
to allow diffusion in and out of the leaf controlled by guard cells
35
when openm stoma are
turgid
36
when closed stoma are
flaccid
37
stoma close to prevent loss of
water
38
how does water get in the plant
enters via root hair cells
Travels via xylem to leaf
Palisade cells
39
how does carbon dioxide get in the plant
enter via stomata through diffusion on the underside of the keaf
40
how does glucose get out the plant
transported via phloem to wherever needed e.g. Cellular respiration
41
how does oxygen get out the plant
diffuse out of stomata
Or used in cellular respiration
42
sunlight is the
ultimate energy
43
why is chlorophyll green?
plats reflect green wavelengths of light which is not used by plants. Instead they use blue + red wavelengths of light for photosynthesis
44
Why do we put the 6 in front in the equation?
to balance it out
45
what is the upper Epidermis
a single layer of cells with no chloroplast. It is transparent to let through to the palisade layer
46
what is the waxy cuticle
a waterproof layer that reduces water loss via evaporation
47
what is the lower Epidermis
it has no thick cuticle and lots of stomata to allow gases to diffuse in and out of the cell
48
what is the palisade mesophykl
palisade cells contain lots of chloroplasts and cells are close to the surface to maximise light exposure.most photosynthesis occurs here
49
what is the spongy mesophykk
cells with lots of air spaces around to allow gases to diffuse. Gas exchange occurs here
50
How to know there is starch in a leaf
colour change
Iodine turns from orange - blue blanck
51
How to know there isn't starch in a leaf
no colour change - iodine stays orange
52
how to destarch a leaf
lack of light - unable to perform photosynthesis - uses starch
53
glucose is a good transport molecule because it is
small and soluble
54
starch is a good storage molecule because it doesn't
diffuse around the plant
55
all living things, including plants carry out
respiration
56
for respiration, plants need to
take in oxygen
Give out co2
57
respiration happens all the time-
day and night
58
photosynthesis only take place in
the daytime
59
For photosynthesis plants need to
take in co2 and
Give out oxygsn
60
O2 and co2 diffuse in had out of the leaves via the
stomata
61
Water and co2 are raw
materials
62
during the day there is a net production of
oxygen
63
during the night there is a net production of
Carbon dioxide
64
what are 3 ways substances can be transported
diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
65
gas and liquid particles are
fluid oarticles
66
solute
what is being dissolved
67
solvent
what is doing the dissolving
68
solution
solvent dissolves solute ( mixture )
69
dissolving is not a chem reaction, it is a
physical change
70
a dilute solution has
more solvent relative to solute
71
a concentrated solution has
more solute relative to solvejt
72
factors that affect the rate of diffusion
temperature
Distance
Concentration difference
73
osmosis occurs in the
root hair cell
74
simple unicellular organisms ( bacteria )
have a SA:V ratio - they can depend on simple diffusion to gain / rid themselves of substances
75
SA:V
surface area to volume ratio
76
complex multicellular organisms
have a low SA:V - they cannot depend on simple diffusion. They have mass transport systems
77
diffusion Def
diffusion is the net movement of fluid particles from and area of high concentration to and area of low concentration until an equilibrium is met. diffusion is passive, does not require energy
78
osmosis def
osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from and area of high concentration to and area of low concentration across a partially permable membrane until and equilibrium is met. Osmosis is passive, it does not require energy
79
exam marks osmosis
1) movement of water
2) area if hi - lo con. specify where
3) across partially permable membrane
4) until equilibrium is met
5) because its passive
80
asexual reproduction
no fusion of gametes
One parent
Clones
No flowers
81
sexual reproductiob
Fusion of gametes
Genetic variation of offspring
Flowering plants
Self pollination or cross pollination
82
fertilisation is
the fusion of gametes
83
in a flower, fertilisation occurs in tgr
ovary
84
self pollination
is where a plant pollinates itself
85
cross pollination
its where a plant is pollinated by a different plant
86
pollination
transfer of pollen from male anther to female stigma
87
pollination and fertilisation steos
1) pollen lands on stigma and pollen tube grows down through style to ovary
2) nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilises the nucleus of ovule
3) fertilised ovule develops into seed
Ovary in to fruit
88
key plant organs
flower
Leaf
Roots
Stem
89
stamen _ male
anther and filament
90
carpel_ female
style stigma and ovary
91
factors that affect the rate of water loss via transpiration
temperature
Humidity
Wind
Light intensity
92
why do plants photosynthesise?
to make food as they don't have any other way to vet it
93
seed dispersal is achieved by
wind
Animals + humans
By bursting
94
Seeds are dispersed from parent plant to reduce
competition for resources e.g. Water light and nutrients
95
sexual reproduction in plants
fusion of gametes - pollen ovule
Gametes are produced by meiosis
Offspring genetically different
96
xylem tansports
water and salts ( mineral ions)
97
xylem is made of
dead cells
98
xylem only transports substances
up the plant roots - leaves
99
the xylem is A continuous
long hollow tube
100
the xylem functions in
support and transport
101
xylem hAve no end walls and are joined
end to end
102
xylem walls are strengthened with
lignin
103
veins contains the vascular bundle
of phloem and xylem
104
sources
where sugars are made
105
the phloem has companion cells to
provide energy of transport if substances
106
sInks
where sugar is uesd
107
the phloem takes
dissolved sugars to where needed
108
the phloem is transport
only
109
the phloem has sieve tubes between
adjacent cells
110
the phloem is made of
living cells
111
the phloem transports up and
down the plant
112
the phloem is joined
end to end
113
phloem end walls have
holes
114
phloem has no
lignin
