Science test

Question 1

Which layer is the one we can see

Answer 1

photosphere

Question 2

Which layer of the sun’s atmosphere is the hottest?

Answer 2

corona

Question 3

The sun’s is described as a plasma. What is a plasma?

Answer 3

State of matter where atoms are completely ionized

Question 4

What percent of all the mass of the solar system is found in the sun.

Answer 4

99%

Question 5

How long does it take energy from the sun’s core to reach its surface.

Answer 5

100,000 years

Question 6

what does an aurora look like? What causes it?

Answer 6

Bright colors in the atmosphere. Solar wind interacts with gases in Earth’s Atmosphere

Question 7

Are sunspots warmer or cooler than the surrounding surface of the sun?

Answer 7

Cooler

Question 8

How long does the cycle of sunspot activity last?

Answer 8

Each last about 2 months, cycles occur every 11.25 years.

Question 9

What is the difference between a solar flare and a prominence.

Answer 9

solar flare: burst of intense high energy radiation. Prominence: huge arcs of gas

Question 10

How do solar flares impact life on earth?

Answer 10

disrupts radio communication and cell service

Question 11

explain the difference between fusion and fission.

Answer 11

Fusion: involves two atoms fusing together at high temperatures to become a new element and releasing energy.
Fission: Involves an atom splitting apart and releasing energy

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the energy that is released by the sun? Where does the energy come from?

Answer 12

nuclear fusion, energy comes from the reaction.

Question 13

name the top two gases that form the sun and give the percentages of each. explain why these percentages are changing over time.

Answer 13

70% hydrogen, 28% helium. hydrogen is decreasing while helium is increasing.

Question 14

Which type of spectrum is produced by the sun

Answer 14

absorbtion spectrum ( rainbow with a few black lines)

Question 15

What can be learned by studying the pattern of lines in this spectra?

Answer 15

Dark lines reveal elements present in the gas

Question 16

If the lines are shifted to the left (toward the blue end) of the spectrum what can you conclude?

Answer 16

blue shift- object is moving towards you.

Question 17

If they are shifted to the right, what can you conclude?

Answer 17

red shift- object is moving away.

Question 18

what types of things are constellations named for?

Answer 18

animals, mythical creatures, everyday objects.

Question 19

what is the name for the group of constellations that are always visible in the northern hemisphere?

Answer 19

circumpolar constellations

Question 20

why do the constellations of the zodiac vary with the seasons?

Answer 20

because of earths revolution around the sun.

Question 21

the diagram on the right shows two starts circling each other. what type of star is this

Answer 21

binary star

Question 22

what happens to the brightness of the star when one is behind or in front of the other?

Answer 22

it dims as the other one blocks its light.

Question 23

Is the binary star common or rare?

Answer 23

common

Question 24

Compare the apparent shift in an object that is far from you with an object that is close to you. Which has a larger apparent shift in position?

Answer 24

close objects have a larger apparent shift in postion

Question 25

which color stars are the hottest? Which are coolest?

Answer 25

Blue: hottest, Red: coolest

Question 26

what is a nebula

Answer 26

clouds of interstellar dust and gas?

Question 27

Identify the four groups of stars.

Answer 27

main sequence, giants, super giants, white dwarves

Question 28

what is a black hole?

Answer 28

gravity is so strong that nothing can escape it not even light.

Question 29

list the changes in the life cycle of a massive star

Answer 29

nebula- protostar- large star- red supergiant- supernova- black hole or neutron star

Question 30

list the stages in the life cycle of less massive star.

Answer 30

nebula-protostar-small star-red giant- nebula- white dwarf

Question 31

which type of galaxy is the milky way?

Answer 31

barred spiral

Question 32

what is believed to be at the center of the milky way?

Answer 32

black hole

Question 33

describe parallax shift.

Answer 33

apparent shift in position (based on our perspective)

Question 34

explain how energy is produced inside the sun. What is the name of the elements what happens to them and explain where the energy comes from.

Answer 34

Hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium. Some mass is lost and turned into energy (E = mc²). That’s how the Sun makes energy—through nuclear fusion.