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SPANISH > SCIENCE TEST: REPRODUCTION > Flashcards

SCIENCE TEST: REPRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

crossing over

A

when genetic material is exchanged between chromosomes during meiosis

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2
Q

haploid

A

HALF set of chromosomes

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3
Q

meiosis

A

the process by which one diploid cell divides into 4 haploid cells

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4
Q

zygote

A

first diploid cell produced as a result if fertilization, first cell of the newly created organism

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5
Q

fertillization

A

joining of egg and sperm, when two haploid cells fuse to form a diploid zygote

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6
Q

diploid

A

full set number of chromosomes

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7
Q

somatic cell

A

any diploid (full set) body cell

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8
Q

gamete

A

sperm and egg

any haploid cell

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9
Q

tetrad

A

a group of 4 chromosomes which forms during MEIOSIS

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10
Q

meiosis

A

the process by which one diploid (full) cell divides into 4 haploid cells (half)

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11
Q

cleavage

A

MITOSIS of he zygote to form an embryo

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12
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

a pair of chromosomes containing similar genetic information

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13
Q

three phases of embryonic development

A

morula, blastula, gastrula

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14
Q

male reproductive system

A
  • produce sperm/gametes in the testes

- deliver sperm internally to the female

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15
Q

female reproductive system

A
  • peoduce eggs/gameres in ovaries
  • the uterus provides a place fo rthe fetus/embryo to develop
  • the vagina receives sperm
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16
Q

fertilization steps

A
  1. egg is released by the ovary once a month
  2. sperm are deposited and swim to the egg
  3. egg and sperm unitr in the oviduct/fallopian tube
  4. zygote is formed
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17
Q

early development

A

-zygote starts to divide by mitosis
-this special mitosis is called cleavage
first a morula is formed: solid ball of cells
second a blastocyst is formed :hallow ball of cells

18
Q

gestation period: pregnancy stages

A

after the blastocyst implants, the embryo starts to develop
after 9 weeks it is called a FETUS
human pregnancy or gestation is 40 WEEKS

19
Q

birth

A

stage one: the cervix opens and dialates
stage two: the baby exsits the uterus through the cervix abd out of the vagina canal
stage three: the placenta exists the uterus through the cervix and out if the vagina canal

20
Q

menstrual cycle

A
  • a cycle controlled by hormones

- hormones are proteins responsible for cell communication

21
Q

feedback mechanism

A

one hormone level drops, the next hormone is triggered to be released
ex: FSH down LH high

22
Q

hormones

A

a hormone must fit the receptor molecule on the cell membrane of the target cell to be able to deliver the message

23
Q

secreting cell

A

cell that is making and releasing the hormone into the bloodstream

24
Q

target cell

A

cell that is receiving the message and responding

25
Q

menstrual cycle

A
  • 28 day cycle is average

- 4 phases controlled by the four hormones: FSH, LH, ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE

26
Q

follicular phase

A

immature egg cell in ovary goes through meiosis to become a mature haploid (half) egg cell
the follicule cell releases ESTROGEN whicg causes the UTERUS to develop and endometrium: a ling of blood vessels and cells that will form a PLACENTA if needed.

27
Q

ovulation

A

mature egg is released from the ovary
the PATUITARY GLAND releases LH to cause the release of the egg: OVULATION
follicle bursts open to release the egg into the Fallopian Tube

28
Q

luteal phase

A

ovary releases hormones to tell the uterus to prepare for possible pregnancy

29
Q

menstrauation

A

the uterus sheds the lining it created to prepare for pregnancy
if the egg is not fertilized in the fallopian tuve, it does not implant in the uterus and there is NO pregnacy
estrogen and progesterone levels drop and the uterus sheds into the endometrum lining: this is the period

30
Q

FSH

A

released by the PITUITARY GLAND (in brain) and targets the OVARY

31
Q

LH

A

released by the PITUITARY GLAND (in the brain) and targets the OVARY

32
Q

ESTROGEN

A

released by the follice (OVARY) and targets the UTERUS

33
Q

PROGESTERONE

A

released by the COROUS LUTEUM (OVARY) and targets the UTERUS

34
Q

gestation period

A

length of pregnancy

35
Q

endometrium/placenta

A

the “pre” placenta/materials such as nutriens and wastes are exchanged

36
Q

amniotic sac/fluid

A

fluid in which the embryo develops

37
Q

umbilical cord

A

connects the fetus to the placenta

38
Q

is there fetal blood

A

NO NEVER!!!!!!!!

39
Q

labor

A

contractions of the uterus which pushes the baby out

40
Q

afterbirth

A

afterbirth, the placenta detaches and exists the uterus

41
Q

fertility drugs

A

medications which enchance reproductive fertility. it is used to stimulate follicle development of the ovary

SPANISH (5 decks)

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