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Science Test Review Flashcards

Revision (61 cards)

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of life in all living organisms?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What term describes the hierarchical organization of biological structures?

A

Biological hierarchy

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3
Q

Which level of the biological hierarchy is composed of groups of similar cells?

A

Tissue

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4
Q

What is the highest level of biological organization?

A

Biosphere

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5
Q

True or False: An organ is a structure made up of two or more types of tissues.

A

True

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the basic unit of heredity.

A

Gene

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7
Q

What type of stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body?

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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8
Q

What is the function of stem cells in multicellular organisms?

A

To develop into various cell types and repair tissues

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9
Q

Which type of stem cells are found in adult tissues?

A

Multipotent stem cells

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10
Q

What is the process by which stem cells become specialized cells?

A

Differentiation

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11
Q

True or False: All cells in a multicellular organism have the same DNA.

A

True

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12
Q

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

A

To break down food and absorb nutrients

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13
Q

What organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

A

Small intestine

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

A

Esophagus

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15
Q

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

A

To produce bile and process nutrients

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16
Q

Which organ is responsible for storing bile?

A

Gallbladder

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17
Q

What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion

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18
Q

True or False: The pancreas produces enzymes that aid in digestion.

A

True

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19
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

To absorb water and form feces

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20
Q

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the initial breakdown of food?

A

Mouth

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21
Q

What is the term for the rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive tract?

A

Peristalsis

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22
Q

What are the two main types of digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.

A

Small intestine

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24
Q

What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system?

A

To catalyze the breakdown of food molecules

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25
What is the role of saliva in digestion?
To lubricate food and begin the breakdown of carbohydrates
26
True or False: The stomach is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.
False
27
What is the term for the protective layer that lines the stomach?
Mucosa
28
What is the primary function of the rectum?
To store feces before excretion
29
What type of stem cells are found in embryonic tissue?
Embryonic stem cells
30
What is a key characteristic of stem cells?
Their ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types
31
What are the four main types of tissues in the body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
32
Fill in the blank: The __________ is an organ that helps in the digestion of fats.
Liver
33
What is the primary role of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients from digested food
34
True or False: The gallbladder produces bile.
False
35
What is the main function of the digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas?
To break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
36
What is the term for the process of breaking down food into smaller components?
Digestion
37
Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying chemicals?
Liver
38
What is the role of the spleen in the digestive system?
To filter blood and recycle iron
39
Fill in the blank: The __________ connects the small intestine to the large intestine.
Cecum
40
What is the term for the process of removing waste from the body?
Excretion
41
True or False: The stomach has a pH that is highly acidic.
True
42
What is the primary purpose of fiber in the diet?
To aid in digestion and prevent constipation
43
What are stem cells used for in medicine?
Regenerative therapies and research
44
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
To increase surface area for absorption
45
What is the primary role of the pancreas in digestion?
To produce digestive enzymes and hormones
46
Fill in the blank: The __________ is where most water absorption occurs.
Large intestine
47
What is the main function of the esophagus?
To transport food to the stomach
48
True or False: The human digestive system is a closed system.
False
49
What is the role of the mucous membrane in the digestive tract?
To protect and lubricate the lining
50
What type of stem cells can develop into a limited range of cell types?
Multipotent stem cells
51
What is the importance of the digestive system in maintaining homeostasis?
It regulates nutrient and water balance in the body
52
What is the term for the process of nutrient absorption in the small intestine?
Absorption
53
What is the primary function of the stomach?
To digest food using acids and enzymes
54
Fill in the blank: The __________ is where the digestive system begins.
Mouth
55
What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
To help digest food and kill bacteria
56
True or False: Stem cells can only be found in embryos.
False
57
What is the process by which the body converts food into energy?
Metabolism
58
What is the main function of the duodenum?
To receive chyme from the stomach and continue digestion
59
What is the role of the pancreas in blood sugar regulation?
To produce insulin and glucagon
60
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular structure that regulates the passage of food into the stomach.
Lower esophageal sphincter
61
What is the primary function of bile?
To emulsify fats for digestion

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