Science Test Term1 Number 2

Question 1

What is the Endocrine System

Answer 1

The endocrine system controls body functions using hormones, which are chemical messengers. Works more slowly because hormones travel through the blood to reach their targets.

Question 2

Identify the role of a hormone

Answer 2

A hormone is a chemical messenger that controls body functions like growth, mood, and energy by traveling in the blood.

Question 3

Describe how they affect target cells

Answer 3

Hormones attach to specific receptors on target cells, sending signals that change the cell’s activity. This can make the cell grow, produce energy, or release other chemicals.

Question 4

Where is the Pituitary gland located?

Answer 4

The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, beneath the hypothalamus.

Question 5

Where is the Thyroid gland located?

Answer 5

The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, below the Adam’s apple.

Question 6

Where is the Ovaries gland located?

Answer 6

The ovaries are located in the lower abdomen, on either side of the uterus.

Question 7

Where is the Testes gland located?

Answer 7

The testes are located in the scrotum, a sac-like structure beneath the penis.

Question 8

Where is the Adrenal gland located?

Answer 8

The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney.

Question 9

Where is the Pancreas gland located?

Answer 9

The pancreas is located behind the stomach, in the upper abdomen.

Question 10

Ovaries 1

Answer 10

Hormone: Oestrogen
Effect: Development of female characteristics
Target: Many tissue

Question 11

Ovaries 2

Answer 11

Hormone: Progesterone
Effect: Regulates menstrual cycle + prepares for pregnancy.
Target: Uterus

Question 12

Pancreas 1

Answer 12

Hormone: Insulin
Effect: Stimulates the uptake of glucose into cells
Target:Most cells

Question 13

Pancreas 2

Answer 13

Hormone: Glucagon
Effect: The breakdown of glycogen and fat into glucose
Target: Liver and fat storage

Question 14

Adrenal Gland

Answer 14

Hormones: Adrenaline
Effect: Helps prepare the body to react to situations
Target: Most cells

Question 15

Thyroid Gland

Answer 15

Hormone: Thyroxine
Effect: Controls the rate of energy the body uses
Target: All cells

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

Homeostasis is the process by which the body keeps its internal environment stable.

Question 17

Ovaries 1

Answer 17

Hormone: Oestrogen
Effect: Development of female characteristics
Target: Many tissue

Question 18

Ovaries 2

Answer 18

Hormone: Progesterone
Effect: Regulates menstrual cycle + prepares for pregnancy.
Target Uterus

Question 19

Pancreas 1

Answer 19

Hormone: Insulin
Effect: Stimulates the uptake of glucose into cells
Target:Most cells

Question 20

Pancreas 2

Answer 20

Hormone: Glucagon
Effect: The breakdown of glycogen and fat into glucose
Target: Liver and fat storage

Question 21

Thyroid

Answer 21

Hormone: Thyroxine
Effect: Controls the rate of energy the body uses
Target: All cells

Question 22

Adrenal

Answer 22

Hormones: Adrenaline
Effect: Helps prepare the body to react to situations
Target: Most cells

Question 23

Pituitary 1

Answer 23

Hormone: Growth Hormone
Effect: Influencing our height, and helping build our bones and muscles
Target: Many tissues

Question 24

Pituitary 2

Answer 24

Hormone: Thyroid stimulating hormone
Effect: Riggers your thyroid to release its hormones, which mainly impact your body’s metabolism
Target: Thyroid

Question 25

Testes

Answer 25

Hormone: Testosterone Effect: Development of male characteristics Target: Many tissues

Question 26

Type 1 Diabetes cause

Answer 26

A disorder where the body destroys insulin producing cells in the pancreas

Question 27

Type 1 Diabetes symptoms

Answer 27

Increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, blurred vision, extreme hunger, fatigue and weakness, moody changes and irritability.

Question 28

Type 1 Diabetes treatments

Answer 28

Insulin pump, regular blood sugar monitoring. regular exercise and a healthy diet

Question 29

Type 2 Diabetes causes

Answer 29

When cells don't respond properly to insulin which is called insulin resistance. Causing glucose to stay in the blood leading to high blood glucose levels. Family history with diabetes, Increasing age and having a poor diet can cause type 2 diabetes.

Question 30

Type 2 Diabetes symptoms

Answer 30

Feeling hungry, tired, frequent infections, wound heal slowly and weight loss.

Question 31

Type 2 Diabetes treatment

Answer 31

Can be controlled with lifestyle methods and medication. Helps control your blood glucose levels.

Question 32

Hyperthyroidism causes

Answer 32

Hyperthyroidism is caused when the thyroid makes too much hormone. This can happen because of illness, lumps, or too much iodine.

Question 33

Hyperthyroidism symptoms

Answer 33

Losing weight, fast heartbeat, excessive sweating, muscle weakness and increased hunger.

Question 34

Hyperthyroidism treatment

Answer 34

Treated with medicine, special pills, or surgery to help the body slow down and feel better.

Question 35

Hypothyroidism causes

Answer 35

When the thyroid makes not enough thyroid hormones.

Question 36

Hypothyroidism symptoms

Answer 36

Tiredness, weight gain, dry skin, cold intolerance, constipation and muscle weakness.

Question 37

Hypothyroidism treatments

Answer 37

Taking medicine like levothyroxine everyday can help return hormone levels to a healthy

Question 38

Homeostasis

Answer 38

The process of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment is called homeostasis.

Question 39

Homeostasis example

Answer 39

If you're too hot, your body makes you sweat to cool you down. If you're cold, your body makes you shiver to generate heat

Question 40

Negative Feedback System

Answer 40

Stimulus-Receptor-Control- Effector- Response-Negative feedback

Question 41

Negative Feedback

Answer 41

Negative feedback is the body’s way of keeping things balanced. When there’s too much of something, like a hormone, the body sends signals to make less of it.

Question 42

Describe how the body regulates body temperature in both hot and cold conditions

Answer 42

In hot conditions: The body sweats to cool down and blood vessels widen (vasodilation) to release heat. In cold conditions: The body shivers to make heat and blood vessels narrow (vasoconstriction) to keep heat in.