Science test unit 1 gr9

Question 1

Ownership View

Answer 1

States that we did not own the land and we should not try to change it in any way. Even if we believe were doing it for a greater good

Question 2

Frontier View

Answer 2

Says that we can affect the environment as long as it is beneficial for us (especially for monetary gains)

Question 3

Stewardship View

Answer 3

An ethic that embodies cooperative planning and management of environment resources with organizations and communities to actively engage in the prevention of habitat loss

Question 4

What is Biology?

Answer 4

Biology is the study of living organisms

Question 5

What is Ecology?

Answer 5

Ecology is the study of the interaction between all living things and their environment

Question 6

What is an ecological hierarchy?

Answer 6

The ecological hierarchy shows the connections and relationships between all living things and their environment

Question 7

What is an individual?

Answer 7

This level looks at how one organism interacts with the environment. These range from things as small as bacteria to as large as a Blue Whale.

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

A collection of individuals belonging to the same species. Usually this is measured for a given area

Question 9

Community

Answer 9

A collection of populations within a given area; All organisms in a community interact in some way; even if its not an obvious way

Question 10

Ecosystem

Answer 10

The community and the non- living things (a-biotic factors) that they interact with and affect them (sometimes in not so obvious ways)

Question 11

Biomes

Answer 11

A collection of ecosystems that have similar properties such as climate and organisms

Question 12

Biosphere

Answer 12

The sphere in which all the Biomes exist; it includes all living things and non living things as well!

The Earth consists of 3 other sub-spheres; lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere

Question 13

Lithosphere

Answer 13

The rock sphere
Includes the ground we stand on and all the different parts/ layers of the Earth(crust mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 14

Hydrosphere

Answer 14

The water sphere
Includes moisture in the air (clouds), rivers,lakes and oceans on the surface and any water tht exists below the ground

Question 15

Atmosphere

Answer 15

The air sphere
The envelope of gases that surround the earth

Question 16

Species

Answer 16

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 17

Biotic Factors

Answer 17

The components of an ecosystem that are or once were living

Question 18

Abiotic factors

Answer 18

The components of an ecosystem that are non-living

Question 18

Competition

Answer 18

Species compete for resources
ex: rabbits and deer

Question 18

Predation

Answer 18

One species hunts another
ex:Fox looking to hunt

Question 18

Mutualism

Answer 18

The species interact in a way that benefits both of them
ex: bee and flower

Question 19

Commensalism

Answer 19

One species benefits from the interaction, the other is not affected
ex: bird nesting in tree

Question 19

artificial ecosystem

Answer 19

Created and often maintained by people

Question 19

Natural ecosystem

Answer 19

Exists naturally

Question 20

independent variable

Question 21

dependent variable

Question 21

control variable

Question 22

hypothesis

Answer 22

An educated guess using if, then, because

Question 23

producer

Answer 23

organsims that make their own food through photosynthesis

Question 24

Consumer

Answer 24

Consumers eat (consume) other organisms

Question 25

Detritus

Answer 25

Detritus is dead organic matter

Question 26

decomposer

Answer 26

Decomposers are organisms that consume (or decompose) detritus

Question 27

Food chain

Answer 27

A simple diagram showing how energy flows from one organism to another when one organism consumes the other

Question 28

Food web

Answer 28

A combination of many food chains ( more accurately show what happens in an ecosystem)

Question 29

Herbivore

Answer 29

Get their energy from eating plants

Question 30

Carnivore

Answer 30

Get their energy from eating other animals

Question 31

Omnivore

Answer 31

Are able to consume both plants and other animals

Question 32

Autotrophs

Answer 32

An autotroph is an organism that produces its own food ex: Plants, Algae, some bacteria

Question 33

heterotrophs

Answer 33

A heterotroph is an organism that does not make its own food ex: animals, Most protozoa, most bacteria

Question 34

Littoral zone

Answer 34

Shallow water, from shore to where rooted plants stop; the limit of light penetration. This is the area where plants can perform photosynthesis.

Question 35

Limnetic zone

Answer 35

Deep water, this region starts where the plants stop growing. It consists of two components (Euphotic and Profundal).

Question 36

Euphotic Zone

Answer 36

The region where photosynthesis can take place (for algae).

Question 37

Profundal Zone

Answer 37

The region where photosynthesis cannot take place; it is past the limit of light penetrability.

Question 38

Benthic Zone

Answer 38

A layer of detritus at the bottom of the lake. There are lots of decomposers here and this makes the soil here very good for plants.

Question 39

Eutrophication

Answer 39

when nutrients and sediment settle in the PROFUNDAL zone and gradually, the lake becomes more SHALLOW and MURKY.

Question 40

What is the place where plants can no longer grow as sunlight doesn't reach, referred to

Answer 40

limit of light penetrability

Question 41

littoral zone

Answer 41

shallow water, from shore to where rooted plants stop; the limit of light penetration. This is the area where plants can perform photosynthesis

Question 42

limnetic zone

Answer 42

Deep water, this region starts where plants stop growing. It consists of two components Euphotic and Profundal

Question 43

Benthic Zone

Answer 43

A layer of detritus at the bottom of the lake.There are a lot of decomposers here and this makes the soil here very good for plants.

Question 44

Euphotic zone

Answer 44

The region where photosynthesis can take place(for algae)

Question 45

Profundal Zone

Answer 45

The region where photosynthesis cannot take place (past the limit of light penetrability

Question 46

Oligotrophic lakes

Answer 46

deep,cool lakes larger profundal zoneHigh Oxygen Levels in water Short Food Chains (not biodiverse) Few Nutrients Water appears Clear

Question 47

Eutrophic lakes

Answer 47

Shallow, warm lakes Minimal Profundal Zone Low Oxygen Levels Longer Food Chains (plant biodiversity) Many Nutrients Murky water (muddy, dark, not clear)

Question 48

eutrophication

Answer 48

when nutrients and sediment settle in the profundal zone and gradually, the lake becomes more biodiverse.

Question 49

The carbon cycle

Answer 49

The process where carbon continually travels from the atmosphere, to earth, back to the atmosphere Most carbon on earth is stored in rocks, oceans, the atmosphere and living organisms

Question 50

The nitrogen cycle

Question 51

The water cycle

Question 52

Where is carbon released

Answer 52

animals during respiration factory and car emissions when organisms die

Question 53

Effects of thermal pollution

Answer 53

Many industries pump cold water from the bottoms of lakes and discharge warm water into the Euphotic Zone of lakes. So what happens as a result? Eutrophication - more sediment wastes from factories and warmer waters. Law of Tolerance - Some organisms can no longer tolerate the change in temperature How do we test for this pollution? Use a thermometer to test the temperature at different spots in the lake or rivers.

Question 54

Deforestation

Answer 54

Why do we do this? Agriculture Expansion Wood Extraction Urbanization (roads, buildings) And more! What effects can this have on an ecosystem? Loss of habitat (could lead to reducing species populations) Reduction of nutrients in the soil Less carbon dioxide removed from atmosphere could lead to global warming Water cycle is affected (Less rainfall)