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year 9 revision > science transition test revision (biology) > Flashcards

science transition test revision (biology) Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

define nucleus

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the nucleus controls what happens in the cell

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2
Q

define DNA

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

deoxyribonucleic acid.
the material inside the nucleus of cells, carrying the genetic information

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3
Q

define double helix

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the shape of DNA molecules with two strands twisted in a spiral

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4
Q

define base pair

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the pair of bases that connect the strands of DNA

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5
Q

define bond

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the chemical link that holds molecules together

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6
Q

define gene

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the basic unit of genetic material inherited from our parents

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7
Q

define heredity

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

genetic information that determines an organism’s characteristics, passed down from one generation to another

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8
Q

define variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

differences between individuals

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9
Q

define continuous variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

variation that can be in a range

e.g. hand span, arm span

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10
Q

define discontinuous variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

differences between individuals in a characteristic that can only be put into different categories

e.g. eye colour, blood type

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11
Q

define environmental variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

differences between individuals of a species due to factors in their surroundings

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12
Q

give four examples of inherited variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A
  • rolling tongue
  • hair colour
  • height
  • eye colour
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13
Q

give four examples of environmental variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A
  • tattoos
  • language
  • religion
  • weight
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14
Q

give three examples of continuous variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A
  • height
  • weight
  • arm span
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15
Q

give three examples of discontinuous variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A
  • eye colour
  • hair colour
  • blood group
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16
Q

define sperm cell

Reproduction

A

the male sex cell (gamete)

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16
Q

define egg cell

Reproduction

A

the female sex cell (gamete)

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17
Q

define ovary

Reproduction

A

the female reproductive organ that releases egg cells

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18
Q

define fertilisation

Reproduction

A

the fusing of the male and female sex cells

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18
Q

define placenta

Reproduction

A

the organ that allows substances to pass between the mother’s blood and the baby’s blood

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19
Q

define testes

Reproduction

A

the male reproductive organ that releases sperm cells

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19
Q

define gestation

Reproduction

A

the period between fertilisation and birth, also known as pregnancy

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20
Q

define embryo

Reproduction

Study These Flashcards
A

tiny new human life which grows by cell division from a fertilised egg cell

20
Q

define fetus

Reproduction

Study These Flashcards
A

the unborn baby after around 8 weeks of pregnancy

21
define amniotic fluid | Reproduction
a fluid which surrounds the fetus and helps protect it
21
define sexual reproduction | Reproduction
producing new organisms by the joining of two sex cells
21
define menstruation | Reproduction
when the lining of the uterus breaks down every month if the egg isn't fertilised. also known as a *period*
21
define asexual reproduction | Reproduction
producing new organisms from only one parent
22
define cell | Cells
basic unit of life | unicellular - only one cell multicellular - many cells
23
define cell membrane | Cells
controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
23
define cytoplasm | Cells
jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place
24
define nucleus | Cells
it carries genetic information and controls the cell
24
define mitochrondia | Cells
where respirations take place
25
define cell wall | Cells
made of cellulose, provides support to the cell
25
define vacuole | Cells
it contains cell sap
26
define chloroplasts | Cells
it contains the green pigment chlorophyll, the site of photosynthesis
26
define organ | Cells
something made from different groups of specialised cells all working together
27
define tissue | Cells
something made from just one type of specialised cell
28
define organ system | Cells
when a number of organs work together
29
define synovial joint | Cells
a freely moveable joint
30
define photosynthesis | Photosynthesis
process carried out where plants make their own food | carbon dioxide + water --≥ glucose + oxygen
31
define chlorophyll | Photosynthesis
green pigment in chloroplasts of plant cells - it enables photosynthesis to take place
32
define chloroplasts | Photosynthesis
contains the green pigment chlorophyll - is the site of photosynthesis
33
define waxy cuticle | Photosynthesis
waxy layer, prevents water loss
34
define upper epidemis | Photosynthesis
is thin and transparent to allow light to pass through
35
define palisade mesophyll | Photosynthesis
main region of photosynthesis; lots of palisade cells containing chloroplasts
36
define spongy mesophyll | Photosynthesis
cells are loosely packed; contains air spaces between cells allowing gas exchange
37
define stomata | Photosynthesis
each stomata is surrounded by guard cells, which control whether they're open or closed
37
define lower epidemis | Photosynthesis
contains stomata to regulate the loss of water vapour
38
define petals | Photosynthesis
they're brightly coloured to attract insects
39
define stamen | Photosynthesis
the male part of a flower
40
define stigma | Photosynthesis
the top of the female part of a flower which attracts pollen
41
define anthers | Photosynthesis
produces male sex cells
42
define ovary | Photosynthesis
produces female sex cells
43
define nectary | Photosynthesis
produces a sugary solution called nectar, which attracts insects

year 9 revision (3 decks)

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