Science Unit 6 Lesson 1

Question 1

Fossil fuels are formed by what?

Answer 1

Fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) are fuels formed in the earth from plant or animal remains

Question 2

Fossil fuels are considered a

Answer 2

Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources that will eventually run out.

Question 3

What is the most abundant fossil fuel in world, and can found in ever continent?

Answer 3

coal

Question 4

What is coal mainly used for?

Answer 4

Electrcity; It is the largest energy source for generating electricity worldwide.

Question 5

Coal is a hydrocarbon. What is the definition of hydrocarbon?

Answer 5

Compound of hydrogen and carbon

Question 6

When did coal formation begin?

Answer 6

300 million years ago

Question 7

Which type of organisms does coal come from?

Answer 7

Plants and algae

Question 8

Where did coal formation happen?

Answer 8

in swamps;

On Earth, seas were wide and shallow, and forests were dense. The forests were overtaken with water, which trapped algae and plants at the bottom of swamp wetlands.

Question 9

Explain how coal is made from high pressure, compression, and temperature.

Answer 9

Over millions of years, the dead plants (mostly mosses) and algae were buried under layers of sediment and rocks. The high pressure and compression from these layers caused temperatures to increase. The high temperatures and acidic water prohibited plant matter from receiving oxygen. As a result, the plant matter decayed slowly. As it decayed, it kept most of its carbon, its main energy source. Through this process, peat was changed to carbon-rich coal far below Earth’s surface.

Question 10

How did temperate contribute to the decay of the plants and algae?
(Coal)

Answer 10

The high temperatures and acidic water prohibited plant matter from receiving oxygen. As a result, the plant matter decayed slowly. As it decayed, it kept most of its carbon, its main energy source.

Question 11

What are the places that this matter (that will make up coal) is buried called?
(Coal)

Answer 11

Places underground where this matter was buried are known as peat bogs.

Question 12

Summary of coal formation

Answer 12

1. Plants (mainly mosses) and algae died and fell to the bottom of swamps.
2. Over time, sediment, rocks, sand, and water built up on top of the decaying matter.
3. The sediment, rocks, sand, and water continued to build and apply pressure and heat to the matter underneath
4. High temperatures and pressure restricted oxygen from reaching the decaying matter, leaving only carbon-rich coal.

Question 13

Oil is a fossil fuel consisting a mixture of _________.

Answer 13

hydrocarbons

Question 14

Where is oil found?

Answer 14

It exists in liquid form underground in reservoirs or in tiny spaces within sedimentary rocks.

Question 15

How is oil extracted from ground?

Answer 15

It is extracted from the ground through drilling.

Question 16

What are petroleum products made from?

Answer 16

Crude oil and natural gas

Question 17

What is oil mainly used for?

Answer 17

Oil’s biggest use today is in the production of gasoline, which fuels the transportation industry.

Question 18

Natural gas is a fossil fuel is made up of many compounds, what is the largest element in natural gas?

Answer 18

Methane

Question 19

Where is most natural gas found?

Answer 19

Most natural gas is found in spaces and cracks between rocks.

Question 20

How is natural gas extracted?

Answer 20

It is extracted by either drilling or by hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking.

Question 21

How does fracking work in extracting natural gas?

Answer 21

Fracking consists of breaking the rocks to release the natural gas.

Question 22

What is natural gas most used for?

Answer 22

Electricity and fuel

Question 23

How is oil made?

Answer 23

Oil formed in oceans millions of years ago when marine plants and animals died and fell to the ocean floor where they were buried. Layers of sand, sediment, and water covered the remains. If the decaying matter was mostly animals, intense heat and pressure compressed the decaying animal matter into oil.

Question 24

How is natural gas made?

Answer 24

Natural gas formed in oceans millions of years ago when marine plants and animals died and fell to the ocean floor where they were buried. Layers of sand, sediment, and water covered the remains. If the decaying matter was mostly plants and there was an extreme amount of heat and pressure, the carbon bonds broke down into methane, producing natural gas.

Question 25

Summary of how natrual gas and oil were made:

Answer 25

1. Small marine organisms (including algae and plankton) died and fell to the bottom of the ocean floor.
2. Over time, sediment, sand, and water built up on top of the decaying matter.
3. The sediment, sand, and water continued to build and apply intense pressure and heat to the matter underneath.
4. If the remains were mostly animals, they were compressed into oil.

If the remains were mostly plants and temperatures were high, carbon bonds broke, producing methane, or natural gas, instead.

Question 26

Coal formation started where?

Answer 26

Coal formation starts in swamps. Plants—mostly moss —die and fall to the bottom of a swamp.

Question 27

Oil and natural gas formatation started where?

Answer 27

Oil and natural gas formation starts in oceans where small marine organisms, including algae and plankton, die and fall to the bottom of the ocean floor.

Question 28

Everyday in the US people use how many gallons of gasoline to fuel their vechicles?

Answer 28

Everyday in the United States, people use roughly 392 million gallons of gasoline to fuel their vehicles.

Question 29

What are deposists of coal called?

Answer 29

Deposits of coal in the earth are called coal seams or coal beds.

Question 30

Where are coal seams?

Answer 30

In sedimentary rock; Some coal seams are near the surface, while others are buried deep underground.

Question 31

How is coal extracted?

Answer 31

Mining (underground or surface)

Question 32

When is surface mining used?

Answer 32

It is used when coal is less than 200 feet underground.

Question 33

When is underground mining used?

Answer 33

This method is used to remove coal deeper underground. Mine shafts are built and miners ride elevators down deep shafts. They travel through tunnels in the mine to access the coal.

Question 34

After coal is extracted where is it taken?

Answer 34

After coal is extracted, it is taken to preparation plants
near the mining site.

Question 35

What happens to the coal in the preparation plant?

Answer 35

It is cleaned to remove ash, dirt, rocks, sulfur, and other materials. Larger pieces of coal are crushed into smaller, useful sizes. The coal is then transported, usually by train, to industries for
use.

Question 36

Why do industries burn coal?

Answer 36

Industries burn coal to produce energy and electricity. Burning coal produces steam. Steam rotates turbines, which, in turn, produces electricity. Electricity is the main usage of coal in the United States

Question 37

Why do industries turn coal into a liquid?

Answer 37

Liquid coal can be used in the transportation industry as a petroleum substitute. This usage is not common, however, and accounts for just 1% of all coal use.

Question 38

Today, where is crude oil buried?

Answer 38

Today, crude oil is buried underground in reservoirs or pools as well as in small spaces within sedimentary rocks.

Question 39

How is crude oil processed?

Answer 39

Crude oil is piped into a furnace and heated to temperatures as high as 1,050 degrees Fahrenheit. It is then piped into a distillation tower where various hydrocarbons in the crude oil cause the oil to rise to different levels in the tower according to the boiling point of the hydrocarbons.

1. The levels near the top of the tower collect liquids and gases with lower boiling points. Some of the liquids are processed into gasoline.
2. The levels near the bottom of the tower collect liquids with higher boiling points. Some of these liquids can undergo more complicated processing to convert them into gasoline.

Question 40

Which crude oil is more difficult to turn into gasoline?

Answer 40

The levels near the bottom of the tower collect liquids with higher boiling points. Some of these liquids can undergo more complicated processing to convert them into gasoline.

Question 41

How many gallons of gasoline does the world consume in a single day?

Answer 41

3.8 billion

Question 42

How does crude oil get extracted from the ground?

Answer 42

To get this crude oil, we drill deep down into the earth and pull it out, in a process known as extraction.

Question 43

After the crude oil is extracted how and where does it go?

Answer 43

From there, the oil is transported via pipelines or tankers over hundreds of miles to a refinery.

Question 44

How is crude oil refined?

Answer 44

We start by putting it into what’s known as a crude tower and raising the temperature to over 700 degrees. At that temperature, crude oil finally starts to boil and break apart in a process known as cracking. After further refinement in a vacuum tower, we finally have our petrol.

Question 45

Why is petrol so good for car engines?

Answer 45

Petrol is incredibly explosive and flammable, but that’s what makes it so useful when it comes to our car engines, which convert that potential chemical energy into kinetic energy—also known as good old-fashioned horsepower. Once the petrol is ready for distribution, it’s delivered via underground pipes to terminals, and then tanker trucks deliver it to gas stations.

Question 46

Where is natural gas found?

Answer 46

Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is found in enormous layers of shale rock between 6,000 and 8,000 feet below Earth’s surface.

Question 47

How natural gas extracted?

Answer 47

Drilling or by hydraulic fracturing (fracking)

Question 48

What does fracking consist of? How does it get natural gas?

Answer 48

Fracking consists of drilling and pumping a water mixture into the earth. This mixture of sand, water, and chemicals flows at high pressure into the rock, breaking it apart and releasing the natural gas.

Question 49

What happens after natural gas is extracted?

Answer 49

natural gas is piped to processing plants

Question 50

How is natural gas processed?

Answer 50

One of the first steps is to remove oil, water, and other impurities including carbon dioxide, sulfur, and nitrogen. Afterwards, methane is separated out through a distillation process.

Question 51

How is natural gas transported using an interstate natural gas pipeline?

Answer 51

An interstate natural gas pipeline is a large pipeline that works and moves natural gas across state borders. An intrastate natural gas pipeline works and moves natural gas within a state border. Smaller pipelines take the natural gas from these large pipelines and transport it to homes or buildings. All of these pipelines work together to transport natural gas to many different sectors nationwide, including the industrial sector, which is the leading consumer of natural gas in the United States.

Question 52

How is coal extracted and refined into used fuel?

Answer 52

Coal is extracted through surface or underground mining. Once mined, it is refined and cleaned to remove ash, dirt, rocks, and sulfur. It is then transported to different industries for consumer use. Industries burn coal to produce energy and electricity.

Question 53

How is crude oil extracted and refined into usable fuel?

Answer 53

Crude oil is extracted through drilling oil wells. It is pumped out of the ground and piped to processing plants, where it is heated and separated into various products by means of distillation towers. The products can be further refined into products such as the gasoline you buy at a gas station.

Question 54

How is natural gas extracted and refined into useable fuel?

Answer 54

Natural gas is extracted through drilling wells or fracking. Fracking involves breaking shale rocks to release the gas. After being extracted, natural gas is piped to processing plants and refined by removing oil, water, and other impurities. The gas is then transported via different pipelines for consumer use.