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Science Unit 6 Review Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What macromolecule makes up the wood of trees

A

Cellulose

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2
Q

What are the two main forms of glucose

A

Cellulose and starch

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of kingdom Plantae

A

Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic

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4
Q

What does it mean if a plant is autotrophic

A

The organism produces their own food, either through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

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5
Q

What are the main plant organs

A

Leaves, stem, roots

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6
Q

What are leaves used for?

A

Photosynthesis, gas exchange

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7
Q

What is the stem used for

A

Connects leaves, used for vertical support

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8
Q

What is the root used for?

A

Anchors plant, absorbs H2O, stores food (starch)

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9
Q

What are the main adaptions of kingdom plantae

A

Cuticle, cellulose, vascular tissue, and reproduction

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10
Q

What does a cuticle do?

A

Provides a waxy coating, reduces water loss

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11
Q

What does cellulose do?

A

Makes up cell walls, polymer of glucose

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12
Q

What does vascular tissue do?

A

Transports a material in plants

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13
Q

How do plants reproduce?

A

Seeds or spores

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14
Q

What are the main dispersal methods?

A

Wind, water, animals

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15
Q

What are non-vascular plants?

A

Plants without vascular tissues; low growing, with thin cell walls, and no roots; materials pass from cell to cell (osmosis/diffusion)

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16
Q

What is a rhizoid?

A

A structure that connects non-vascular seedless plants to a surface (similar to roots)

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17
Q

What is a spore?

A

A reproductive structure of a seedless plant; no seed coat, often transported by water

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18
Q

What are vascular plants?

A

Plants with true vascular tissues; able to grow tall because of the ability to transport water and nutrients

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19
Q

What are examples of non-vascular plants?

A

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts (bryophytes)

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20
Q

What are examples of vascular plants?

A

Ferns, club mosses, horsetails (spores); gymnosperms (naked seeds); angiosperms (covered seeds)

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21
Q

What is an annual plant?

A

A plant that grows and reproduced in one year

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22
Q

What is a biennial plant?

A

A plant that grows and reproduces in two growing seasons

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23
Q

What is a perennial plant?

A

A plant that grows and reproduced over many growing seasons

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24
Q

What is vascular tissue?

A

Tissue that is responsible for transport within vascular plants

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25
What is the xylem?
Tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals in vascular plants; upward from roots
26
What is the phloem?
Tissue that transports sugars in vascular plants; downward from leaves
27
What is transpiration?
The process by which a plant releases H2O vapor from the stomata, creating a vacuum, pulling more H2O up from the roots
28
What is the stomata?
Opening surrounded by two guard cells on the underside of a leaf that opens and closes for the exchange of gas
29
What is a tap root?
System containing one thick main root with hairs coming off of it
30
What is an example of a tap root?
Carrot, dandelion
31
What is a fibrous root?
A system containing many smaller roots that form a dense, tangled mess
32
What are some examples of a fibrous root?
Grass, corn
33
What are the two types of stems?
Woody and herbaceous
34
What are herbaceous stems?
Stems with no wood and is common to annual plants
35
What’s an example of a herbaceous plant?
Dandelion and asparagus
36
What is a woody stem?
A stem that has many layers of tissue with an outermost layer of bark
37
What is a gymnosperm?
A plant without a covered seed- no protective fruit
38
What are examples of gymnosperms?
Cycads, conifers, ginkgo
39
What is an angiosperm?
A plant that has seeds covered by fruits
40
What are examples of angiosperms?
Monocots, dicots
41
What is a cotyledon?
The area of stored food in a seed
42
What are the characteristics of a monocot
One cotyledon, flowering plant, parallel venation, scattered vascular bundles, flower parts in 3s or 6s
43
What are the characteristics of a dicot
Two cotyledon, pinnate or palmate venation, flowering plant, ringed vascular bundles, flowering parts in fours, fives or sixes
44
What is the function of a petal
Flower structure used to attract pollinators using coloration and patterns
45
What is the function of the sepal?
Outermost flower structure, provides protection for developing flower; can look like leaves or petals
46
What is the whole female reproductive organ?
The pistil
47
What does the stigma do?
Female structure with a sticky substance used to capture pollen
48
What is the style?
Tube down to which the pollen travels
49
What is the ovary?
Location of fertilization; eggs are stored here
50
What is the main reproductive male structure?
The stamen
51
Where is pollen produced?
The anther
52
What is the filament?
The male structure that holds up the anther
53
What is pollination?
The process by which pollen is transferred from one flower to another
54
What is fertilization?
The process by which an egg cell is joined with a sperm cell; takes place in the ovary of plants
55
What is a petiole
Structure attaching leaf to stem
56
What is a simple leaf?
One leaf per petiole
57
What is a compound leaf?
Multiple leaves per petiole
58
What is a palmate compound leaf?
Multiple leaves fanning out from the same point on a petiole
59
What is a pinnate compound leaf?
Multiple leaves form on along a long periole
60
What is a pinnate leaf?
Dominant center vein with other veins branching off middle
61
What is a palmate leaf?
Multiple prominate veins originate from a single point near the base of the leaf
62
What is a reticulate leaf?
Web like venation along both sides of the mid rim
63
What is the photosynthesis equation?
6CO2+6H2O—> C6H12O2+6O2
64
What is tropism?
The response that results in plant growth toward or away from a stimulus
65
What is phototropism?
Plants response to the sun
66
What is thigmitrophism?
Plants respond to touch
67
What is gravitropism?
Plants response to gravity
68
What is photoperiodism?
Plants response to the number of hours on a day
69
What are long-day plants?
Flower when exposed to less than 10-12 hours of sunlight
70
What are short-day plants?
Flower when exposed to more than 10-12 hours of darkness
71
What are day-neutral plants?
Not dependent on amount of sunlight or darkness
72
What are auxins?
Plant hormone that increases plant growth; responsible for phototropism
73
What is ethylene?
Plant hormone that stimulates the ripening of fruit; given off by ripe or rotting fruits
74
What are the four main types of plant tissues?
Meristematic, dermal, ground, vascular
75
What is meristematic tissue?
Tip of the root and end of the shoot; location of all new plant cells
76
What is dermal tissue?
Single layer that forms a protective skin, secretes a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss, often called epidermis
77
What is vascular tissue?
Transports water, minerals and sugars between roots and shoots, arranged in strands called vascular bundles, made up of the xylem and phloem
78
What is ground tissue?
The location of metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, provides support and storage for the plant, fills the space between the epidermis and vascular bundles that support the plant

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