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science unit c > science unit c topic 2 > Flashcards

science unit c topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two biological indicators and examples of each?

A

Microbiological indicators ex bacteria such as escherichia coli
aquatic indicators ex shrimp, worms, mollusks, clam

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2
Q
  1. Lots of organims=?
  2. Less organisms=?
  3. low Ph=?
  4. Lots of worms=?
A

1.healthier water condition and lots of 02
2.may be condition problems
3.no fish(as pH decreases so do the amount of all
organisms)
4.lower 02 levels

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3
Q

why is dissolved 02 good?

A

essential for the life of aquatic organisms because they all need oxygen

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4
Q

four factors that affect the amount of 02?

A

water temp~as temp gets warmer 02 levels go down
turbulence due to wind or speed of moving water~ faster flow to increase oxygen
amount of photosynthesis~more photosynthesis more oxygen
number of organims~more organisms more oxygen required

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5
Q

levels of oxygen

A 
less than 2ppm is no life
2 ppm~worms
4 ppm~more organisms
6 ppm~more organisms
8 ppm~ healthy lots, lots of fish
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6
Q

whats ppm

A

a small unit of a chemical

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7
Q

problems with phosphorus and nitrogen?

and sources?

A

helpful but not it too big of quantities

sources are sewage runoff or fertilizer runoff

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8
Q

normal pH of snow and rain

A

5.6

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9
Q

what Ph to fish start to die?

A

4.5

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10
Q

Why does the pH of lakes decrease?

A

Acid runoffs, acidic precipitation, acid rain+acidic snow melting into lakes

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11
Q

what are some soil effects on the aquatic system?

A

soil+water don’t have enough base to neutralize acidic snow or acidic rain

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12
Q

what is spring acid shock?

A

acidic snow builds up in winter and melts in spring. lots of acidic water with low pH runs into lakes at one time shocking the system

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13
Q

Pesticides and water?

A

harmful when not getting broken down in the environment

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14
Q

how to organisms respond to pesticides?

A

develop resistance because they reproduce so fast

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15
Q

How do pesticides affect aquatic environments?

A

very toxic in water even in small amounts

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16
Q

what are toxins?

A

the poison that produces serious health problems or death

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17
Q

Whats LD50 used for? and what does Ld and 50 mean?

A

to compare toxins? LD=lethal dose 50=50%

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18
Q

What does Ld50 do?

A

amount of substance given to organisms that kills 50% of the population at a specific dosage

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19
Q

Will all organisms die at the same LD50%

A

No, all organisms will have different tolerances

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20
Q

As LD50 increases, what does toxicity levels do?

A

They decrease

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21
Q

What are heavy metals? examples?

A

five or more times heavier than an equal volume of water examples are copper, lead, mercury, cadmium, zinc, nickel

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22
Q

where are heavy metals found?

A

natural~rocks, soil, water made~batteries, pipes, fertilizers

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23
Q

how do heavy metal get into the water

A

leach in fertilizers or pipes

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24
Q

Sulfur dioxide name

A

SO2

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25
Q

How does sulfur dioxide form?

A

oxygen combines with sulfur

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26
Q

how does sulfur dioxide affect the environment and people?

A

enviroment~smog, acid rain

people~respirtory system, irritate eyes

27
Q

what are the sources of sulfur dioxide

A

burning fuels, oil+gas industry, industrial processes

28
Q

how to reduce sulfur dioxide

A

scrubbers

29
Q

nitrogen oxide name

A

NO

30
Q

how does nitrogen oxide form

A

when burning fuels first combine with oxygen to form nitrogen monoxide

31
Q

How does nitrogen oxide affect the environment and people?

A

enviroment~smog, acid rain

people~respitory system, eyes

32
Q

what are the sources of nitrogen oxide?

A

combustion in vehicles

industrial processes

33
Q

how to reduce nitrogen oxide?

A

monitoring

reducing vehicle emissions

34
Q

how is Ground-level ozone produced

A

the reaction between oxygen, nitrogen oxide and VOCs in sunlight+heat

35
Q

what are VOCs

A

volatile organic chemicals from man made products

36
Q

How does ground-level ozone affect the environment and people

A

people~respitory system causes lung disease

plants~affects the crop, wheat, onion

37
Q

Why is ozone important?

A

its a barrier for UV light

38
Q

sources of ground-level ozone?

A

fuel combustion in cars and industry

39
Q

Carbon dioxide sources

A

natural~organisms exhaling, natural fires, volcanoes

man made~factories, devices that burn stuff

40
Q

why should carbon dioxide be monitored closely

A

because dangerous emissions and levels should be monitored closely

41
Q

what are the greenhouse gases?

A

H20 vapor, CO, CH4, NOx

42
Q

how does the greenhouse effect work?

A

when sun rays are trapped by the atmosphere so the eath is warm

43
Q

why is the greenhouse effect called a greenhouse?

A

a roof like glass so it’s transparent like the atmosphere. Sun rays enter and get trapped inside the greenhouse warming the structure inside.

44
Q

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

A

enchanted by humans. adds more greenhouse gases more sunlight is trapped generating even warmer temps

45
Q

what are the effects of the enhanced greenhouse effect

A

global warming, climate change, violent storms, floods, diseases

46
Q

What is global warming?

A

earth is getting hotter because of the enhanced greenhouse effect

47
Q

sources of global warming

A

natural~volcanic eruptions, forest fires

people~windmill farms, pollution, cars

48
Q

how to reduce global warming

A

planting trees increasing public transportation

49
Q

what is the ozone layer

A

layer high up in the atmosphere(stratosphere) that absorbs ultraviolet radiation so we don’t get radiation

50
Q

negative impacts of the ozone layer

A

loss of ozone results in greater exposure to UV radiation of earth surface more plankton dies, animals that eat plankton die

51
Q

where are chlorofluorocarbons found

A

applications such as hairspray, refrigerator

52
Q

what do chlorofluorocarbons do

A

they destroy the ozone layer

53
Q

how to reduce chlorofluorocarbons

A

monitoring substances

54
Q

carbon monoxide name

A

CO

55
Q

how is carbon monoxide produced

A

chemicals containing carbon burn it makes CO when there is not enough oxygen it makes C02.

56
Q

sources of carbon monoxide

A

produced during burning examples are furnaces forest fires, industrial process

57
Q

what is the silent killer

A

carbon monoxide

58
Q

risks of carbon monoxide

A

death, brain damage, loss of O2 to blood

59
Q

how to reduce carbon monoxide

A

use catalytic converters

reduce emissions of carbon monoxide from vehicle exhausts

60
Q

what does ppm stand for

A

parts per million

61
Q

what is ppm

A

the concentration of chemicals in the environment is measured in parts per million or milligrams

62
Q

formula for ppm

A

(volume of chemical/volume of solution)x1000000=ppm

63
Q

what does ppm mean

A

one unit of chemical found in a million units of solution

science unit c (4 decks)

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