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4th Grade: Jan 2024 Final Exam > Science: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Science: Vocabulary Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Fuel

A

A material that releases energy when it burns

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2
Q

Fossil Fuel

A

Materials that formed as ancient plants and animals decayed underground, that are burned to transfer energy

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3
Q

Coal

A

A solid fossil fuel created by chemical changes that transform plant stems and leaves over a very long period of time into hard, black substances, that are burned to transfer energy

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4
Q

Petroleum

A

Gasoline and diesel, these are liquid fossil fuels formed by the decay of ancient plants and animals over a very long period of time that, are burned to transfer energy

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5
Q

Natural gas

A

A gas fossil fuel formed by the decay of ancient plants and animals over a very long period of time, that can be burned for energy

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6
Q

Nuclear fuel

A

Unstable elements such as uranium that release energy when they break down into smaller elements

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7
Q

Uranium

A

Element #92, it is an unstable metal that is the most commonly used source of nuclear fuel used in nuclear power plants

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8
Q

Outcome

A

The result of something happening

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9
Q

Fuel

A

A substance that releases energy when it burns

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10
Q

Combustion

A

The process of burning of fuel to produce heat and light, burning

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11
Q

Turbine

A

A device that spins as gas ( or steam ) flows and changes the heat energy of the steam into kinetic energy (motion)

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12
Q

Generator

A

A device that changes kinetic energy (motion) into electrical energy

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13
Q

Battery

A

A device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electric energy

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14
Q

DC Current

A

Direct current, which is an electric current that only flows in one direction (for example, electricity that flows from a battery)

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15
Q

AC Current

A

Alternating current, which is electric current that alternates or switches directions (for example, electricity from an electric outlet)

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16
Q

Device

A

Something made for a specific purpose

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17
Q

Primary

A

The original source of energy in an object or material

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18
Q

Electric motor

A

A device that changes electrical energy into kinetic energy

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19
Q

Steam engine

A

A device that combusts fuel to boil water into steam that is used to create kinetic energy

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20
Q

Internal combustion engine

A

A device that combusts fuel to create kinetic energy

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21
Q

Emissions

A

The release of substances into the environment

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22
Q

Pollutant

A

An emission that is dangerous or harmful to the environment

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23
Q

Scrubber

A

A material that reduces the pollutants released as gases into the air

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24
Q

Greenhouse gas

A

Pollutant that increases the earth’s atmosphere’s ability to hold heat

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25
Power
Power describes how much energy is used to work over a certain amount of time.
26
Watt
The metric unit of power Power = work / time 1 Watt = 1 Joule / second 1 W = 1 J/S
27
Geothermal energy
Energy obtained from heat beneath the earth's surface which is very hot
28
Hydropower
Gravitational potential energy of water that is converted into kinetic energy in rivers, and is used to generate electricity
29
Biomass
Fuel made from plant matter and animal waste
30
Solar energy
Energy from the sun that is converted into electrical energy
31
Wind energy
Energy from the wind that is converted into electrical or kinetic energy
32
Available
Able to be had
33
Impact
The effect something has on something else
34
Wave
A disturbance that travels in a pattern and carries energy
35
Medium
The material or thing that waves travel through
36
Amplitude
The greatest height of a wave in its resting position
37
Wavelength
The distance between similar points on a wave
38
Frequency
The number of times a wave repeats in a certain period of time
39
Transverse wave
A wave that moves and carries energy perpendicular to the particles it travels through
40
Crest
The top point of a transverse wave
41
Trough
The bottom point of a transverse wave
42
Longitudinal wave
A wave that travels in the same direction as the particles it travels through
43
Compression
The most compressed point of a longitudinal wave
44
Rarefraction
The most stretched point of a longitudinal wave
45
Transfer
To relocate A wave transfers energy through a medium, but not the medium's particles
46
Wave period
The time it takes for a wave to move one back and forth motion (or one cycle)
47
Circular wave
A wave caused by a disturbance at a single point
48
Plane wave
A wave that is made when a line of matter is disturbed
49
Superposition
Waves moving through a medium that meet and can add together
50
Appear
To show up
51
Ray
A line of energy that moves in one direction until it hits an object
52
Reflect
When a ray bounces off a surface and moves in a new direction
53
Refract
When a ray bends after it enters a medium
54
Absorb
When a ray does not reflect or refract but is taken in by a medium
55
System
A group of parts that work together to complete a task
56
Signal
A message with information that is sent in a wave
57
Transmitter
The part of a device that sends out radio signals
58
Antennae
The part of the device that takes in (receives) radio signals
59
Receiver
The part of the device that changes radio signals into usable message
60
Digital
Signals that use clear cut numbers (which are called digits) to represent data
61
Analog
A continuous signals that sends information
62
Range
All possibilities between two points
63
Pitch
The frequency of a sound wave - for example, a piano's different notes have different pitches
64
Volume
The amplitude of a sound wave. The larger the amplitude, the louder the sound.

4th Grade: Jan 2024 Final Exam (4 decks)

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