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8th grade study sets (Sophia Caritos) > Science: weathering & soil (8th grade) > Flashcards

Science: weathering & soil (8th grade) Flashcards

1
Q

Weathering rate factors of hardness is

A

harder the minerals the slower the weathering

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2
Q

What is weathering?

A

the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces (sediments)

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3
Q

Physical weathering

A

cool and wet climates

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4
Q

chemical weathering

A

warm and wet climates

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5
Q

Physical weathering is also known as

A

mechanical weathering

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6
Q

what is physical weathering

A

breakdown of rocks into sediments without changing the chemical composition

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7
Q

Types of physical weathering

A

frost action, abrasion, plant action, animal action

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8
Q

frost action

A

water expands when frozen cracking the rocks (must have alternating freezing and melting)

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9
Q

Abrasion

A

rocks break apart because of contact with other rocks

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10
Q

Plant Action

A

(exp: root wedging) The roots of plants force open the cracks in rocks

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11
Q

Animal Action

A

(including humans) can also contribute to physical weathering

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12
Q

Exfoliation

A

rocks that peel off in layers. (pressure release)

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13
Q

When animals burrow through the ground and break up rock such as humans blasting through mountains to create railroads is an example of

A

Animal Action

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14
Q

Chemical Weathering

A

rock changes it’s composition, making it crumbly & weak

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15
Q

What main interactions with the atmosphere and hydrosphere contribute to chemical weathering

A

Atmosphere = air (O2, CO2) Hydrosphere = H2O

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16
Q

_____ + iron = rust

A

O2

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17
Q

Oxidation

A

oxygen reacts with and changes rocks

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18
Q

Hydration

A

water is absorbed by a rock making it softer. The water can also dissolve the minerals in the rock

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19
Q

Carbonation

A

carbonic acid dissolves rock (caves and sinkholes are formed especially when limestone is weathered chemically)

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20
Q

What type of weathering is this: limestone dissolves, forming a cave

A

carbonation

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21
Q

What type of weathering: is this potholes from on the roads in winter

A

frost action

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22
Q

exfoliation is also called

A

pressure release

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23
Q

exfoliation causes

A

sheets of rock to break off

24
Q

CO2 + H2O =

A

carbonic acid

25
Q

-water gets into the cracks
-freezes and expands
-repeats until rocks break

A

frost action/ice wedging

26
Q

-winds pick up sand or smaller sediments
-and blows it into other rocks

A

wind abrasion

27
Q

-carbonic acid causes calcite and dolomite to bubble

A

carbonation of limestone

28
Q

running water carries sediments that hit each other

A

stream abrasion

29
Q

roots grow into rocks breaking them

A

root wedging

30
Q

-pressure release
- rocks peel off in layers

A

exfoliation

31
Q

Name a weathering rate factor

A

particle size

32
Q

the smaller the particle size

A

the surface area is more exposed to weathering action

33
Q

Arid climate (Dry)

A

steep cliffs

34
Q

Humid climate (Wet)

A

rolling hills

35
Q

soil

A

is rock, minerals, and organic matter

36
Q

name two kinds of soil

A

residual soil and transported soil

37
Q

transported soil

A

soil that DOES NOT match the bedrock underneath indicating it was NOT made in the area but was moved by erosion

38
Q

Where is transported soil

A

most of New York State

39
Q

Residual soil

A

soil that matches the bedrock underneath indicating it was made in that area

40
Q

A - Horizon

A

topsoil; dark in color; rich in humus

41
Q

B - Horizon

A

sub soil; full of clays and leached minerals

42
Q

C - Horizon

A

partially weathered bedrock, very poor to no soil

43
Q

Bedrock

A

solid unbroken rock found below soil

44
Q

what is litter

A

layer of leaves

45
Q

what is humus

A

decayed organic material

46
Q

what do earth worms do for the soil

A

make soil fertile

47
Q

How rapidly weather occurs in the area depends on the

A

climate

48
Q

What is a cause that keeps chemical weathering to a minimum

A

temperatures

49
Q

Caves and sinkholes are almost always related to

A

chemical weathering of calcite, limestone, dolomite, or dolostone

50
Q

Which factor has the greatest influence on the weathering rate of the Earth’s surface bedrock

A

regional climate

51
Q

At high elevations what is the most common physical climate

A

alternate freezing and melting of water

52
Q

Chemical weathering will occur most rapidly in rocks exposed to the

A

hydrosphere and atmosphere

53
Q

landscapes will undergo the most chemical weathering if the climate is

A

warm and wet

54
Q

what plant has no root

A

mosses and lichens

55
Q

picture two with poor soil will most likely have what kind of plants (1)

A

mosses and lichens

56
Q

picture three with sub soil will most likely have what kind of plants (2)

A

grasses and weeds

57
Q

picture four with top soil will most likely have what kind of plants (2)

A

trees and shrubs

8th grade study sets (Sophia Caritos) (1 decks)

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