Science WEEK 1-2

Question 1

disturbance in space

Answer 1

Waves

Question 2

highest point in a wave

Answer 2

Crest

Question 3

lowest point in a wave

Answer 3

Trough

Question 4

distance from midpoint to highest or lowest parts of a wave

Answer 4

Amplitude

Question 5

distance between two successive identical parts of a wave

Answer 5

Wavelength

Question 6

number of waves produced in one second or a full wavelength

Answer 6

Frequency

Question 7

extent of limits between which variation is possible

Answer 7

Range

Question 8

wave that oscillates matter and transfers energy through a medium (up and down movement of wave)

Answer 8

Mechanical wave

Question 9

particle motion is perpendicular to wave motion

Answer 9

Transverse

Question 10

particle motion is in the same direction as wave motion

Answer 10

Longitudinal

Question 11

are transverse (doesn’t need a medium) and is formed
when an electric field comes into contact with a magnetic field
– disturbance that moves through space at the speed of light

Answer 11

Electromagnetic wave

Question 12

created by charged particles (could be horizontal)

Answer 12

Electric field

Question 13

produced by moving electric changes (could be
transverse)

Answer 13

Magnetic field

Question 14

Scottish physicist who predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves in
1862

Answer 14

James clerk maxwell

Question 15

German physicist who backed Maxwell’s theory by demonstrating the existence
of waves other than light in 1887

Answer 15

Heinrich Hertz

Question 16

is a continuous range of electromagnetic waves arranged in order of frequency
or wavelength

Answer 16

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Question 17

An Italian inventor who, in 1901, sent and received the first transatlantic
wireless message
– Awarded the Nobel Prize along with Karl Ferdinand Braun for their work on the
development of wireless telegraphy

Answer 17

Guglielmo Marconi

Question 18

– Have the longest wavelengths (104m - 10-1m) and shortest frequencies
(30kHz to 3000 MHz)
– Most suitably usable in communication devices across all platforms
– Frequency can range between 3 kiloHertz to 300 GigaHer

Answer 18

Radio Waves

Question 19

– used for various purposes, including detecting objects, weather forecasting,
military surveillance, air traffic control, monitoring speed in highway patrol, and
tracking satellites and debris

Answer 19

Radar

Question 20

– Have longer wavelengths (180-550 meters)
– Radio stations modulate or change the amplitude of the radio waves they
transmit by incorporating audio information, known as the input or
modulating signal
– Characterized by MF (Medium Frequency).

Answer 20

Amplitude modulation

Question 21

– Short radio waves (2.8-3.4 meters)
– Radio stations modulate the frequency of the carrier signal
– Considered a region of VHF (Very High Frequency), such as the TV band
(54 to 890 MHz)
– amplitude and other parameters of the resulting signal remain constant,
as seen in the CP (UHF) Ultra High Frequency band

Answer 21

Frequency Modulation

Question 22

– part of the electromagnetic spectrum located between radio waves and infrared
light.
– are called microwaves because their wavelengths are much shorter than those
of radio waves.
– James Clerk Maxwell discovered microwaves

Answer 22

Microwaves

Question 23

– lies between the microwave region and the lower frequency edge of the visible
spectrum
– Discovered by Sir William Hershel in 1800
– longer than visible light and include most thermal radiation emitted by objects
at room temperature
– Used for remotely determining the temperature of objects through techniques
like thermography or pyrometry

Answer 23

Infra red radiation

Question 24

Closest in wavelength to visible light; commonly used
in devices like remote controls

Answer 24

Near infrared light

Question 25

Closer to the microwave region in the electromagnetic spectrum; examples include sunlight, fire, or a radiator

Answer 25

Far infrared

Question 26

– The portion of electromagnetic radiation detectable by the human eye. – It occupies a small segment of the electromagnetic spectrum. – When all the colors are combined, they create white light.

Answer 26

Visible light

Question 27

longest wavelength; shortest frequency and is the most energetic

Answer 27

Red

Question 28

shortest wavelength; longest frequency and the least energy

Answer 28

Violet

Question 29

– Has a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays – The term literally means “above violet” – UV light is produced by high-temperature surfaces – Discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter, a German chemist and physicist

Answer 29

Ultraviolet

Question 30

– are high-energy waves with great penetrating power – widely used in imaging and diagnostics – Discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895, they revolutionized medical technology by allowing non-invasive views of internal body structures

Answer 30

X-rays

Question 31

– generated by radioactive atoms and during nuclear explosions. – treatment of certain types of cancer, such as in Gamma Knife Surgery – Paul Villard was a French chemist and physicist who discovered gamma rays in 1900

Answer 31

Gamma rays