Science Y08 Aut1

Question 1

List the 7 parts of a balanced diet.

Answer 1

carbohydrate, protein, fat (lipid), vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

Question 2

Why do we need each of these nutrient groups?

Answer 2

carbohydrates for energy, protein for growth and repair, fats as an energy store, vitamins and minerals for vital cell processes, fibre keeps digestive system moving and healthy, water for cell function

Question 3

What do we use to test for starch?

Answer 3

iodine- changes orange to black

Question 4

Write the sequence of organs in the digestive system from mouth to anus.

Answer 4

mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.

Question 5

What is the purpose of digestion?

Answer 5

The purpose of digestion is to break down large food particles into small ones so they can be absorbed into the blood and carried around the body.

Question 6

What does the stomach contain and why?

Answer 6

The stomach contains acid (HCl) which destroys harmful bacteria and makes the pH right for digestion of protein.

Question 7

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 7

In the small intestine, small food particles are transferred from the digestive system into the blood.

Question 8

What is an enzyme?

Answer 8

An enzyme is biological catalyst.

Question 9

What do enzymes do?

Answer 9

A catalyst is something which speeds up chemical reactions, so an enzyme is something which speeds up chemical reactions in living things.

Question 10

Why do we need enzymes?

Answer 10

We need enzymes to speed up the breakdown of large food particles into small food particles.

Question 11

Where are enzymes produced?

Answer 11

salivary gland, stomach, pancreas, small intestine

Question 12

What are pathogens?

Answer 12

disease causing micro-organisms

Question 13

Name three types of pathogen.

Answer 13

bacteria, viruses and fungi

Question 14

Define a non-communicable disease.

Answer 14

A non-communicable disease is one that is not caused by a pathogen and cannot be spread.

Question 15

What happens in the respiratory system of a person suffering from asthma?

Answer 15

If you have asthma, your bronchioles can become inflamed, swollen and constricted (narrowed), and excess mucus is produced.

Question 16

List 3 lifestyle factors that can be bad for health.

Answer 16

smoking, drinking alcohol, having an unbalanced diet

Question 17

Classify the following drugs as stimulants or depressants: alcohol, caffeine, heroine, cannabis, cocaine, MDMA.

Answer 17

stimulants: caffeine, cocaine, MDMA. Depressants: heroine, cannabis, alcohol

Question 18

Define obesity.

Answer 18

Obesity is being very overweight.

Question 19

Describe what happens when the energy you take in as food and drink is more than the energy you use.

Answer 19

If your energy intake is more than your energy use, then you will gain weight.

Question 20

What is malnutrition?

Answer 20

Malnutrition is not having enough, or having too much, of one or more of nutrients.

Question 21

What is the name for a solid turning into a liquid and a liquid turning into a solid?

Answer 21

melting and freezing

Question 22

What is the name for a liquid turning into a gas and a gas turning into a liquid?

Answer 22

boiling and condensing

Question 23

What is the name for a solid turning into a gas?

Answer 23

sublimation

Question 24

How does heating affect the energy of particles?

Answer 24

the energy of the particles increases

Question 25

What happens if particles in a solid have enough energy to overcome the forces holding them together?

Answer 25

the particles begin to flow and the solid melts

Question 26

Define "boiling point"

Answer 26

the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

Question 27

Define "diffusion"

Answer 27

the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 28

Define pressure

Answer 28

the force pushing on a particular area

Question 29

What is the formula to calculate pressure?

Answer 29

pressure = force ¸ area

Question 30

What is the formula to calculate density?

Answer 30

density = mass ¸ volume

Question 31

What is a scientific theory?

Answer 31

an idea used to explain events

Question 32

How are theories proved or disproved?

Answer 32

by collecting evidence

Question 33

Define a formulation

Answer 33

a mixture designed as a useful product

Question 34

Give 2 examples of formulations

Answer 34

formula milk and paint

Question 35

Define "composite"

Answer 35

a material made from two or more different types of material

Question 36

Give two examples of composites

Answer 36

MDF and fibreglass

Question 37

What is a polymer?

Answer 37

a very large molecule made from smaller molecules called monomers which are joined together

Question 38

Give examples of polymers

Answer 38

polyester, polyethene and polystyrene

Question 39

Other than separating mixtures give another use of chromatography

Answer 39

identifying unknowns

Question 40

What property of the spots do we compare to identify unknowns

Answer 40

distance travelled compared to the distance travelled by a known substance

Question 41

What is a contact force?

Answer 41

one that acts through direct contact between objects

Question 42

What are examples of contact forces?

Answer 42

friction, air resistance, tension, normal contact force, upthrust

Question 43

What is a resultant force?

Answer 43

a single force that could replace all forces acting on an object

Question 44

What happens when there is NO resultant force on an object?

Answer 44

It will remain at rest or move with constant speed in straight line.

Question 45

What happens when there IS a resultant force on an object?

Answer 45

It will accelerate or decelerate.

Question 46

How can air resistance and friction be reduced?

Answer 46

streamlining (air resistance) and lubrication (friction)

Question 47

What is pressure?

Answer 47

a measure of the force exerted on an area

Question 48

What equation links pressure, force and area?

Answer 48

pressure = force divided by area ( P=F/A ). The units of pressure are N/m2, also Pascals).

Question 49

What is atmospheric pressure?

Answer 49

The pressure caused by the weight of air above a surface.

Question 50

How does pressure vary with the depth of a fluid?

Answer 50

It increases with depth.

Question 51

In what direction does pressure in a fluid act?

Answer 51

in all directions

Question 52

What is the upwards force on an object in a fluid?

Answer 52

upthrust

Question 53

What type of energy is stored due to interaction of magnetic fields?

Answer 53

magnetic energy

Question 54

How do magnetic poles interact?

Answer 54

like poles repel - unlike poles attract

Question 55

What direction are the arrows on magnetic field lines?

Answer 55

north to south (the direction a north pole would move)

Question 56

What are the four magnetic materials?

Answer 56

iron, steel, cobalt, nickel

Question 57

What is a permanent magnet?

Answer 57

material that has a permanent magnetic field

Question 58

What is an induced magnet?

Answer 58

material that has a temporary magnetic field

Question 59

How does a compass work?

Answer 59

the north end of the compass needle points to geographic north (a magnetic south pole)