science y9 t1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
Charge: +1, Mass: 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
Charge: +1, Mass: 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
Charge: 0 (neutral), Mass: 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
What is the charge and mass of an electron?
Charge: -1, Mass: ~0 (1/1836 amu).
Where are protons and neutrons located?
In the nucleus.
Where are electrons located?
In energy levels (shells) around the nucleus.
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
The number of protons in an atom.
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
The total number of protons and neutrons.
How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?
Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number.
How do you determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom?
Electrons = Atomic Number (same as protons).
What do elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table have in common?
The same number of valence electrons.
What do elements in the same period (row) of the periodic table have in common?
The same number of electron shells.
What are the main groups in the periodic table?
Alkali metals (Group 1), Alkaline earth metals (Group 2), Transition metals (Middle block), Halogens (Group 17), Noble gases (Group 18).
How can you predict the ion an atom will form?
By its group:
Group 1 = +1 ion
Group 2 = +2 ion
Group 17 = -1 ion
Group 18 = No ions (stable).
What type of bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal?
Ionic bond.
What type of bond is formed between two non-metals?
Covalent bond.
What is an ionic compound?
A neutral compound containing a metal cation and a non-metal anion.
How do you determine the formula of an ionic compound?
Use the cross and drop method based on ion charges.
Name some common polyatomic ions.
Ammonium (NH₄⁺)
Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)
Nitrate (NO₃⁻)
Carbonate (CO₃²⁻).
