science - you nique Flashcards
(27 cards)
Name and label the organelles found in plant and animal cells.
Organelles include:
* Nucleus
* Mitochondria
* Endoplasmic reticulum
* Golgi apparatus
* Ribosomes
* Lysosomes
* Chloroplasts (in plant cells)
* Cell wall (in plant cells)
Describe the functions of the organelles found in plant and animal cells.
Functions include:
* Nucleus: Control center, houses DNA
* Mitochondria: Powerhouse, energy production
* Endoplasmic reticulum: Protein and lipid synthesis
* Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
* Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
* Lysosomes: Digestion and waste removal
* Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis (in plant cells)
* Cell wall: Structural support (in plant cells)
Identify and explain the differences between plant and animal cells.
Differences include:
* Plant cells have cell walls; animal cells do not
* Plant cells contain chloroplasts; animal cells do not
* Plant cells have larger vacuoles; animal cells have smaller ones
Explain the function of DNA in living organisms.
indtructions that control the development and functions of all living things
Outline why DNA is universal.
DNA is universal because even though it is unique to your DNA everyones DNA is made of the same building blocks.
Draw and label the structure of a nucleotide.
A nucleotide consists of:
* Sugar
* Phosphate group
* Nitrogenous base
Draw and label the features of a DNA double helix.
Features include:
* Two strands
* Sugar-phosphate backbone
* Nitrogenous bases paired in the center
Name the four nitrogenous bases in DNA.
The four nitrogenous bases are:
* Adenine (A)
* Thymine (T)
* Cytosine (C)
* Guanine (G)
What are the complementary base-pairing rules in DNA?
Base-pairing rules are:
* Adenine pairs with Thymine
* Cytosine pairs with Guanine
Explain the relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA.
Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes, which are structures composed of DNA.
Define autosomes and sex chromosomes.
Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes; sex chromosomes determine an individual’s sex.
Know the number of chromosomes present in normal human cells.
Normal human cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
Know the number of chromosomes present in gametes.
Gametes (egg and sperm cells) have 23 chromosomes (haploid).
Identify the sex chromosomes in males and females.
Males have XY sex chromosomes; females have XX.
Name the scientists involved in the discovery of the DNA structure.
Scientists include:
* James Watson
* Francis Crick
* Rosalind Franklin
Know what a karyotype is.
A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes.
Define what ‘homologous chromosomes’ are.
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes but may have different alleles.
Distinguish between a male and female karyotype.
Male karyotype has XY chromosomes; female karyotype has XX chromosomes.
Recognise abnormalities in karyotypes.
Examples of abnormalities include:
* Down’s syndrome
* Klinefelter’s syndrome
* Turner’s Syndrome
Give examples of inherited traits.
Examples include:
*cleft chin
* Hair color
* coneccted earlobes
Know the difference between dominant and recessive traits.
Dominant traits express with one allele; recessive traits require two alleles.
Describe the factors that can influence phenotype.
Factors include:
* Genotype
* Environmental influences
Understand key genetic terms:
allele =
homozygous =
hetrozygous=
phenotype=
genotype=
carrier=
trait=
Key terms include:
* Allele = ddifferent versions of the same gene
* Homozygous = two of the same letter BB or bb
* Heterozygous = one of each Bb
* Phenotype = the physical/visible expressions of a genotype.
* Genotype = the combination of alleles of a gene
* Carrier = have an allele for the rescesive trait but you cant see it in there phenotype
* Trait = feature (hair eyes etc)
