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Flashcards in Sciences paroles Deck (16)
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1
Q

Différents types de signaux acoustiques

3

A
  • signal périodique / pur
    (cycles d’ondes se répètent parfaitement; sinusoidal)
  • signal complexe périodique
    (2+ fréquences reliées-multiples)
  • signal apériodique
    (onde se répète pas: bruit, fricative, etc.)
2
Q
Que veut dire:
p
f
c / v
λ
A

p = période (en s)
f = fréquence (en Hz - cycle par seconde))
c / v = vitesse son dans milieu
λ = longueur d’onde

3
Q

Décroissance typique d’amplitude par distance

A

Décroissance de 6dB à chaque dédoublement de distance si coefficient absorbtion de pièce est 1 (totale; anéchoique)

4
Q

Analyse de Fourier?

A
  • décomposition de l’amplitude de chaque fréquence qui compose le son
    (p. ex. pour son périodique complexe - F0, 2F0, 3F0, etc.)
5
Q

définition système acoustique

A

système modifie propriétés d’un signal

input –> system –> output

6
Q

Elements of respiratory system

A
Pulmonary apparatus
- upper airway: 
nasal cavities; oral cavity; pharynx
- lower airway:
larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles; alveola; lungs

Chest wall

Abdomen
- thorax
rib cage; diaphragm

7
Q

Hierarchy of bronchial tree

4

A

trachea –>

bronchi (2 primary; 5 secondary; 18-20 tertiary) –>

bronchioles (> terminal bronchioles > repiratory bronchioles) –>

alveolar sacs

8
Q

site of gas exchange (w blood) in lungs

A
alveolar sacs
(exchange the air - both O2/CO2 - in capillaries
9
Q

what keeps alveoli inflated

A

pulmonary surfactant

10
Q

how to lungs and thorax work in unity?

A
  • lungs can’t expand/contract by themselves; need external force
  • pleuras cover lung and inside of thorax
  • pleural cavity filled with fluid
  • intrapleural pressure is negative (due to lungs/thorax pulling opposite directions at rest) to “glue” lungs and thorax.
11
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

if volume of gas increases, pressure decreases

12
Q

Law of gas movement

A

if difference in pressure between two linked spaces, gas will move from high pressure area to low pressure area until equilibrium

13
Q

Difference between pulmonary volumes and capacity

A

pulmonary capacities:
combinations of pulmonary volumes

pulmonary volumes:
don’t overlap

14
Q
Names of 
pulmonary volumes (4)
pulmonary capacities (4)
A

Pulmonary volumes
- tidal volume
(volume inspired in one respiratory cycle)
(resting tidal volume - at rest)
- inspiratory reserve volume
(volume that could go in lungs beyond TV)
- expiratory reserve volume
(volume that could go out of lungs beyond TV)
- residual volume
(volume left after forced exhale - quantity that can’t be expired due to pneumothorax unity - dead air)

Pulmonary capacities:
- total capacity
TV + IRV + ERV + RV
- vital capacity
IRV + ERV + RV
- inspiratory capacity
TV + IRV
- functional residual capacity
ERV + RV
15
Q

tidal volume needed as percentage of vital capacity for:

  • life breathing (RTV)
  • speech
  • loud speech
A

life breathing = 10%
speech breathing = 20%
loud speech breathing = 40%

16
Q

Differences between life breathing and breathing for speech (5)

A

where you breathe from
(nose for life VS mouth for speech)

inspiratory/expiratory ratio
(40:60 VS 10:90)

volume of air
(10% of TLC VS 20-25% for normal speech, 40% for loud speech)

muscular activity for expiration
(passive - elastic forces VS active)

shape of chest wall
(abdomen distal VS medial to rib cage) (pre-tuned for speech)