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Cscs Extra > Scientific Foundations > Flashcards

Scientific Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Contains calcium ions

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2
Q

T-tubules

A

Terminate near z line, deliver signal from motor neuron

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3
Q

A band
I band
Z line
H zone

A

Alignment of myosin
Contains actin
Splits i band
Center containing myosin

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4
Q

Sliding filament stages

A 
Resting
Excitation contraction coupling
Contraction
Recharge
Relaxation
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5
Q

Extrafusal vs intrafusal

A

Normal fibers vs muscle spindles

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6
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid and mitral, seperate ventricles and atria

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7
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Aortic and pulmonary

Seperate aorta and pulmonary arteries from ventricles

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8
Q

P wave

Qrs

T wave

A

Depolarization of atria

Depolarization of vents and atrial repol

Vent repol

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9
Q

Work

A

Force x displacement

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10
Q

Power

A

Work/time

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11
Q

Rotational work

A

Torque x angular displacement

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12
Q

Rotational power

A

Rotational work/time

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13
Q

Classic formula

A

Load lifted/bodyweight^2/3

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14
Q

Lactate threshold vs OBLA

A

1st point in lactate rise
Equal to ventillatory threshold

2nd point
4mmol/L

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15
Q

Fast glycolysis

A

Lactate oxidized in cori cycle

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16
Q

Slow glycolysis

A

Pyruvate to mitochondria becomes acetyl coA and enters krebs cycle

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17
Q

Combination training

A

Combining aerobic and anaerobic

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18
Q

Gas

A

General adaptation syndrome

Begins with alarm reaction

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19
Q

Anabolic hormones

A

Insuling igf test and gh

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20
Q

Permissive hormones

A

Thyroid

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21
Q

Catabolic hormones

A

Cortisol and progesterone

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22
Q

Allosteric binding

A

Block of receptors primary binding site

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23
Q

Steroid hormones

A

From adrenal cortex and gonads
Fat soluble can diffuse membrane
Cortisol, test, estradiol

24
Q

Polypeptide hormones

A

Gh and insulin
Use secondary messangers
Regulated via neg feedback

25
Q

Amine hormones

A

From aa tyrosine and tryptophan
Tyrosine-epi, norepi, dopa
Tryptophan-serotonin
Use secondary messengers

26
Q

Where is insulin like growth factor produced

A

Liver

27
Q

Where is cortisol from

A

Adrenal cortex

28
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Countrr conditiong to remove fear

29
Q

When to enhance vs reduce arousal

A

Reduce for compex skills enhance for simple skills

30
Q

Optimal carbs during prolonged endurance exc

A

50g glucose fructose mix per hour

31
Q

Protein amount for increase in lbm

A

1.5-2g per kg/bw

32
Q

Proper usg to ensure adequate hydration

A

Less than 1.020

33
Q

Size principle

A

Motor units are recruited in selective order based on recruitment threshold and firing rate

34
Q

Max tidal volume increase with aerobic exc

A

3.0L

35
Q

Rate pressure product

A

Hr x systolic bp

36
Q

Percent water loss to begin performance decrease

A

2-3% weight lost in water

37
Q

How long to loss strength adaptations

A

4 weeks

38
Q

Timeframe for bone remodeling and bmd increase

A

6+ months

39
Q

Frank startling mechanism

A

Stretched heart from diastole volume increases systol pressure

40
Q

What does l carnitine help with

A

Pain muscle damage and metabolic stress

41
Q

Most appropriate age category assessment for youth athletes

A

Biological age

42
Q

Substance that enhances high intensity exercise from 60sec to 6 mins

A

Sodium bicarbonate

43
Q

Which phase of ssc stores potential energy

A

Eccentric

44
Q

Vo2 max decrease of highly trained indv during detraining

A

6-20%

45
Q

Best predictor of aerobic performance

A

Max lactic steady state

46
Q

The point in adolescence where peak strength gains appear

A

1.2 years post peak height velocity

47
Q

Primary variable in determining sprint speed

A

Rate of force dev

48
Q

Most useful goals for specific practice session

A

Process goals

49
Q

What effect does overtraining have within muscle tissue

A

Decreased glycogen storage

50
Q

What causes amenorrhea

A

Insufficient luteinizing hormone

51
Q

At what age does peak height velocity typically occur

A

Ages 12 to 14

52
Q

What substance mostly helps enhance recovery in untrained athletes

A

Hmb

53
Q

Most accurate method of measuring intensity

A

Blood lactate concentration

54
Q

What sport benefits from the use of beta blockers

A

Biathlon

55
Q

Do dietary supplements have to meet FDA standards for safety and effectiveness

A

No

Cscs Extra (3 decks)

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