Scientific Revolution

Question 1

The basics of the Scientific Revolution:

Answer 1

Empirical Method: the new idea that every scientific notion must be based on observation and experiment

Question 2

The psychological implications…

Answer 2

• that the universe is not moved directly by God, but moves independently, according to its own (mathematical) rules.
• Another implication is that we are not the center of God’s creation, everything does not revolve around us human beings…

Question 3

Copernicus and the heliocentric theory (1543).

Answer 3

• First astronomer to formulate a scientifically-based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.
• His fundamental treatise On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres (1543), is often regarded as the starting point of modern astronomy and the Scientific Revolution

Question 4

Kepler and the elliptical orbits

Answer 4

• Known for three Laws of Planetary Motion, foundational to Isaac Newton’s universal gravitation.
• The first Law states that planets move in ellipses, with the sun situated at one focus.

Question 5

Galileo and the Law of Inertia.

Answer 5

• “father” of modern physics and astronomy.
• His achievements include improvements the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernisanism.
• His Principle of Inertia states: “A body moving on a level surface will continue in the same direction at constant speed unless disturbed.”

Question 6

Newton and the Law of Universal Gravitation.

Answer 6

• Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for our modern scientific view of the physical universe, which is the basis for modern engineering.