Scientific Revolution People

Question 1

Planets further away take longer to circle the sun

Answer 1

Copernicus

Question 2

Contradicted Ptolemy’s earth-centered universe

Answer 2

Copernicus

Question 3

Moon revolved around earth; days, years, rotation of axis

Answer 3

Copernicus

Question 4

Built Uraniborg Castle

Answer 4

Brahe

Question 5

Complied detailed record of observations of positions and movements of stars and planets

Answer 5

Brahe

Question 6

Brahe’s assistant

Answer 6

Kepler

Question 7

3 Laws of planetary motion that validated his “music of spheres” theory and Copernicus’ theory

Answer 7

Kepler

Question 8

1. Rejects Copernicus- orbits of planet were elliptical
2. Speed of planets are greater when closer to the sun
3. Planets w larger orbits revolve at slower average velocity

Answer 8

Kepler

Question 9

First European to make systematic observations by means of telescope

Answer 9

Galileo

Question 10

Looked at moon through telescope; saw mountains and craters

4 moons revolving Jupiter, phases of Venus and sunspots

Answer 10

Galileo

Question 11

Supported Copernicus’ thesis,

church became mad

Answer 11

Galileo

Question 12

Church was against Copernican system bc it threatened Scripture & entire concept of universe

Answer 12

Galileo’s time

Question 13

Contributed to laws of motion

Answer 13

Galileo

Question 14

1. If uniform force was applied to an object, it would move at an accelerated speed rather than a constant speed

Answer 14

Galileo

Question 15

2. Inertia- body in motion remains in motion unless deflected/stopped by an external force

Answer 15

Galileo

Question 16

Principia Mathematica

Answer 16

Newton

Question 17

Laws of Motion

Answer 17

Newton

Question 18

1. Every object continues in a straight line unless deflected by a force

Answer 18

Newton

Question 19

2. Rate of change of motion of an object is proportional to the force acting on it

Answer 19

Newton

Question 20

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction/ force

Answer 20

Newton

Question 21

Theory that the Universe was one, huge, regulated, and uniform machine that operated according to natural laws in absolute time, space, and motion, w/ God at the controls

Answer 21

Newton

Question 22

2 natural philosophers

Answer 22

Descartes and Bacon

Question 23

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 23

Rene Descartes

Question 24

The Discourse on Method

Answer 24

Descartes

Question 25

"I think, therefore I am"

Answer 25

Descartes

Question 26

Concept of: There is a great deal of doubt while one is learning, but one can believe things to be true if his/her SELF says they are true

Answer 26

Descartes

Question 27

Who came up with Cartesian Dualism?

Answer 27

Descartes

Question 28

Mind and reasoning used with certain knowledge, humans can understand the material world bc it is pure mechanism, governed by physical laws, created by God

Answer 28

Cartesian Dualism

Question 29

Rationalism

Answer 29

Long chains of reasoning; DESCARTES

Question 30

Emphasized deductions and mathematical order to prove things

Answer 30

Descartes

Question 31

Scientific Method

Answer 31

Francis Bacon

Question 32

Novum Organum

Answer 32

Bacon

Question 33

The Great Instauration

Answer 33

Bacon

Question 34

People could understand the natural world for the purpose of reconstructing all human knowledge, based for on the proper foundations

Answer 34

Bacon

Question 35

Who started/ is the father of Empiricism?

Answer 35

Bacon

Question 36

Supported monarchy

Answer 36

Hobbies

Question 37

The Leviathan

Answer 37

Hobbies

Question 38

Men are selfish and greedy by nature

Answer 38

Thomas Hobbies

Question 39

Theory that all knowledge is is derived from sense-experience, cannot be denied bc senses say they are true

Answer 39

Bacon

Question 40

"Dangers of anarchy are greater than the dangers of tyranny"

Answer 40

Hobbies

Question 41

Thomas Hobbies vs. ____________

Answer 41

John Locke

Question 42

Supported democracy

Answer 42

John Locke

Question 43

Natural rights of men

Answer 43

Locke

Question 44

Second Treatise on Government

Answer 44

Locke

Question 45

Government must answer to people

Answer 45

John Locke

Question 46

Religion distinguishes humans from beasts

Answer 46

John Locke

Question 47

People in chemistry

Answer 47

Parcelsus, Boyle, Lavoisier

Question 48

New chemistry philosophy based on understanding of nature through fresh observation and experiment

Answer 48

Parcelsus

Question 49

In his model, humans were smaller replica of the smaller world

Answer 49

Parcelsus

Question 50

Diseases were caused by chemical imbalances localized in specific organs

Answer 50

Parcelsus

Question 51

Against the idea of "contraries cures"

Answer 51

Parcelsus

Question 52

Small amounts of poison used to cure people

Answer 52

Contraries cures

Question 53

Father of Modern Medicine

Answer 53

Parcelsus

Question 54

First to conduct controlled experiments

Answer 54

Robert Boyle

Question 55

Volume of gas varies with pressure exerted on it

Answer 55

Robert Boyle

Question 56

Matter is composed of atoms

Answer 56

Boyle

Question 57

Named chemical elements

Answer 57

Lavoisier

Question 58

Fundamental rules of chemical compounds

Answer 58

Lavoisier

Question 59

Founder of Modern Chemistry

Answer 59

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 60

Name the 2 people that pioneered Medicine and Anatomy

Answer 60

Vesalius and William Harvey

Question 61

Believed practice researched was needed to understand human anatomy

Answer 61

Vesalius

Question 62

Personally dissected a body

Answer 62

Vesalius

Question 63

Created an illustrated book of anatomy

Answer 63

Vesalius

Question 64

Published "on the motion of heart and blood"

Answer 64

Harvey

Question 65

Demonstrated that heart was the beginning point of blood

Answer 65

Harvey

Question 66

Blood flows in veins and arteries and makes a complete circuit

Answer 66

Harvey

Question 67

Laid foundation for modern physiology

Answer 67

Harvey

Question 68

French scientist who sought to keep science and religion united

Answer 68

Pascal

Question 69

Wager: Better bet to believe God exists and to stake everything on His promised mercy than not to do so

Answer 69

Pascal

Question 70

Only woman invited to Royal Society in London, complained that they were more fascinated w "toys" than solving problems

Answer 70

Margret Cavendish

Question 71

Worked with astronomer husband, and published a book about astronomy

Answer 71

Maria Cunitz

Question 72

Discovered a comet

Answer 72

Maria Winkelmann

Question 73

Established calendar for Berlin Academy of Scientists

Answer 73

Winkelmann

Question 74

When her husband died, she tried to gain entrance into academy by guild tradition, but was denied admission

Answer 74

Winkelmann

Question 75

Heliocentric model / epicycles

Answer 75

Copernicus