SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION QUIZ Flashcards
(29 cards)
Define rationalism
the belief that actions should be based on observations and logic
define empiricism
The belief that information should be gathered from the senses and experience
Name 3 causes of the Scientific Revolution
The Italian Renaissance, the renewed interest in math, better scientific instruments.
How did a shift in thinking about the natural world during the Renaissance contribute to the start of the Scientific Revolution? (How did the Renaissance contribute to the Scientific Revolution?)
People started to believe that there was more to the world than the church was telling them, encouraging more people to study the natural world. People also started to use observation and documentation, because of renaissance artists who did the same.
Who was known as the “Father of the Scientific Revolution”? Why?
Francis Bacon, because he was the creator of the Inductive method.
How did changing ideas on the role of the individual (Humanism) affect the way scientists began to understand the physical world?
Humanism encourages people to learn more. Humanism is the focus on yourself and what you want. So, scientists realized that if they discover more, they improve their lives.
How did the world views change between the Middle Ages to the Scientific Revolution?
In the middle ages, science was discouraged because of the soul trust in religion. The scientific revolution introduced doubt, allowing for more science.
How did Descartes contribute to the new scientific thinking?
He introduced the significance of doubt, and promoted the idea that human reason was beneficial to the world. If you doubt, you have to prove something scientifically.
Whose work did Copernicus challenge in his view of the universe?
Copernicus challenged Aristotle’s view of the universe.
Why were Copernicus’s ideas about the order of the universe deemed to be dangerous to Church thinking?
The geocentric model was believed and advertised by the church, and his ideas did not align with their thinking. His ideas diminish the church’s authority.
What did Newton’s book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy argue about the role of mathematics in understanding the natural world?
Newton’s book argued that mathematics was already a part of the world, and we just had to discover and explore it. And, he created Newton’s laws of motion, that were just math.
Which scientist lost his nose in a duel and had a sophisticated observatory on a private island?
Tyco Brahe was the scientist who had a sophisticated observatory.
What contribution to modern science was made by Johannes Kepler?
Kepler wrote the laws of planetary motion.
Francis Bacon created a new way of scientific thinking called inductive reasoning. How was this different from the deductive reasoning of earlier eras?
Deductive reasoning begins with an idea, assumed to be true, that needs to be proved. Inductive reasoning starts by gathering data, and then making a conclusion.
How did the Renaissance’s emphasis on humanism help spark scientific thinking?
It increased critical thinking and the desire for knowledge.
What was Thomas Hobbes’ view of human nature in his work “Leviathan”?
Thomas Hobbes believed that people were self centered, and that during war people were solitary, poor, brutish, and nasty.
How did John Locke’s view of human nature differ from Hobbes?
Locke believed that all people had goodwill and reason, while Thomas Hobbes believed that all people were self centered and without reason.
What was the Royal Society of London?
The Royal Society of London was the first ever scientific community that promoted the modern scientific method
What percentage of those accused of witchcraft between 1400-1700 were women?
80% of those accused of witchcraft were women.
What was René Descartes’ famous philosophical statement?
Rene Descartes’ famous philosophical statement was “I think therefore I am”.
How did Newton explain planetary orbits?
He declared that all objects in the universe are moved through mutual attraction.
What was the state of women’s participation in the Scientific Revolution?
While women were generally excluded, several elite women succeeded in adding to science during the scientific revolution.
What did William Harvey discover?
He discovered that the heart was the center of circulation.
What was the main purpose of studying nature during the Scientific Revolution?
The purpose of studying nature changed from a symbolic reason to a search for utility and human improvement.
