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Research > Scientific Thinking > Flashcards

Scientific Thinking Flashcards

1
Q

______ ________ is a mode of thinking applied to any scientific subject, content or problem in which the thinker _________ by imposing ___________ of critical thinking

A

Scientific Thinking
improves the quality of their thinking
intellectual standards

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2
Q

Scientific thinking requires:
* Effective _______
*______ _____ abilities
* _________ to continued skill development

A

communication
Problem solving
Commitment

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3
Q

4 Selfs of Scientific Thinking

A

Self-corrective
Self-directed
Self-disciplined
Self-monitored

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4
Q
  • Avoid jumping to conclusions with limited information
  • Never take anything for granted
  • Never consider a judgement better than the available information
  • Treat what seems logical or plausible as supposition until proven
  • Consider something as proof only if it has consistently repeated results, and not from a one-off study.
A

Why Scientific Thinking?

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5
Q

Clarity
Accuracy
Precision
Relevance
Depth
Breadth
Logic
Significance
Fairness

A

Intellectual Standards

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6
Q

Understandable
The meaning can be easily grasped

A

CLARITY

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7
Q

Correct or true.
Free from errors or distortions

A

Accuracy

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8
Q

Contains the necessary details needed to solve the problem.

A

Precision

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9
Q

Directly connected to or directly relating to the subject or problem at hand.

A

Relevance

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10
Q

Containing complexities and multiple relationships.

A

Depth

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11
Q

Encompassing multiple viewpoints.

A

Breadth

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12
Q

No contradictions in the parts or details of the problem.

A

Logic

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13
Q

Focus on the important details.
Not distracted by trivial elements.

A

Significance

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14
Q

Justifiable, not self-serving or one-sided.

A

Fairness

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15
Q

HUMILITY
COURAGE
EMPATHY
INTEGRITY
PERSEVERANCE
CONFIDENCE IN REASON
AUTONOMY

A

Intellectual Dispositions

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16
Q

Sensitivity to what you do or do not know.

A

HUMILITY

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17
Q

Being aware of own biases and self-deceptive tendencies

A

HUMILITY

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18
Q

How do the beliefs, prejudices or biases I have uncritically accepted keep me from thinking scientifically?

A

Humility

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19
Q

Disposition to question beliefs you hold dearly or feel strongly about.

A

COURAGE

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20
Q

Willingness to express your views, even when they are unpopular.

A

COURAGE

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21
Q

To what extent have I analyzed the beliefs I hold that may impede by ability to think scientifically?

A

COURAGE

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21
Q

To what extent have I analyzed the beliefs I hold that may impede by ability to think scientifically?

A

COURAGE

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22
Q

How do I change what I do if my belief is unjustified?

A

COURAGE

23
Q

Awareness of need to actively entertain views that differ from your own,
Especially the ones you strongly disagree with.

A

EMPATHY

24
Q

Accurately reconstruct opponents’ viewpoints and reasoning to assess your own premise and assumptions.

A

EMPATHY

25
Q

To what extent do I accurately represent the scientific viewpoints I disagree with?

A

EMPATHY

26
Q

Ability to hold yourself to the same intellectual standards you expect from others.

A

INTEGRITY

27
Q

Do not expect or foster double standards.

A

INTEGRITY

28
Q

To what extent do I strive to eliminate self- deception when reasoning through scientific issues?

A

INTEGRITY

29
Q

Do I ask more of others than I am willing to do myself?

A

INTEGRITY

30
Q

Ability to work through complexities despite the frustration inherent in the task.

A

PERSEVERANCE

31
Q

To what extent do I work my way through scientific complexities, or do I tend to give up when I experience difficulty?

A

PERSEVERANCE

32
Q

Using reason as the fundamental criteria by which to judge acceptance or rejection of a position.

A

CONFIDENCE IN REASON

33
Q

Using reason as the fundamental criteria by which to judge acceptance or rejection of a position.

A

CONFIDENCE IN REASON

34
Q

Am I willing to change my position when the scientific evidence leads to a more reasonable position? (see Courage)

A

CONFIDENCE IN REASON

35
Q

Thinking for oneself but adhering to standards of rationality.

A

AUTONOMY

36
Q

Not uncritically accepting the viewpoints of others.

A

AUTONOMY

37
Q

Do I think through scientific issues on my own or do I merely accept the apparent scientific views of others?

A

AUTONOMY

38
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC MIND

A

What Scientists Do

39
Q

What Scientists Do?

A

Observe - What factors are affecting the phenomena?

40
Q

What Scientists Do

A

Design Experiments

41
Q

When Scientists Design experiments they ask?

A
  • Is the question plausible?
  • Can the variables be controlled?
42
Q

When Scientists Design experiments they also …

A

Determine, examine and define the variables or mechanistic quality of the phenomena being observed.

43
Q

What Scientists Do

A

Strive for Exact Measurement

44
Q

When Scientists Strive for Exact Measurement they …

A

Determine precise quantitative relationships between relevant factors and their observed effects

45
Q

A collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method

A

Pseudoscientific Thinking

46
Q

We do not naturally think scientifically, though we may think we do.
* Do you always recognize your assumptions and biases?
* Do you always recognize the source of your ideas?
* They said ….
* I heard or read somewhere ….

A

Pseudo-Scientific Thinking

47
Q

Training in scientific thinking creates awareness in our own _____-_______ _______

A

pseudo-scientific thinking.

48
Q

Naturally believe in intuitive perceptions - however inaccurate

A

Pseudo-Scientific Thinking

49
Q

Do not use intellectual standards in thinking, but instead tend to use self- centered psychological standards to determine beliefs

A

Pseudo-Scientific Thinking

50
Q

Displays a remarkable and characteristic indifference to fact.

A

Pseudo-Scientific Thinking

51
Q

Rarely ever makes an independent investigation to check sources.

A

Pseudo-Scientific Thinking

52
Q

Uses unverifiable eyewitness testimony, stories, hearsay, rumor, and dubious anecdotes.

A

Pseudo-Scientific Thinking

53
Q

I believe that my beliefs are true, though I have never questioned their basis.

A

Pseudo-Scientific Thinking
or
I believe it

54
Q

I assume the dominant beliefs of the groups I belong to are true, though I have never questioned their basis.

A

Pseudo-Scientific Thinking
or
We believe it

55
Q

review last chart pg 23

A

Research (4 decks)

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