Scientists

Question 1

Socrates and Plato

Answer 1

Dualism, finite amount of learning, death is not the end

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

Monist, mind = body, death is the end, tabula rasa

Question 3

Descartes

Answer 3

Dualism, mind/body are distinct

Question 4

John Locke

Answer 4

nature vs. nurture father (tabula rasa)

Question 5

Darwin

Answer 5

studied animals, learned about human evolution

Question 6

Wundt

Answer 6

structuralism, atoms of the mind, “to be aware of awareness takes longer”

Question 7

Titchener

Answer 7

structuralism, introspection, slurry in stomach

Question 8

James

Answer 8

first psych textbook, evolutionary psych

Question 9

Wertheimer

Answer 9

cognitive, founded Gestalt, “the whole of anything is greater than its parts”

Question 10

Watson

Answer 10

classical conditioning, little Albert experiment, feared a neutral stimulus

Question 11

Freud

Answer 11

psychoanalysis, (id, ego, superego) psychosexual stages, dreams (OAPLG)

Question 12

BF Skinner

Answer 12

active learning, operant conditioning, participation based on reinforcement

Question 13

Phineas Gage

Answer 13

suffered brain injury, changed personality

Question 14

Breuer

Answer 14

psychoanalysis, talk therapy, hypnosis

Question 15

Anna O

Answer 15

Breuer’s patient, hysteria, talking treatment

Question 16

Pavlov

Answer 16

learned behavior, dog learns to drool with bell, conditioned stimulus

Question 17

Mary Cover Jones

Answer 17

behavior therapy, eliminate phobias in children

Question 18

Carl Rogers

Answer 18

unconditional positive regard, client centered therapy

Question 19

Mazlow

Answer 19

humanistic, hierarchy of needs (real vs. ideal self)

Question 20

Piaget

Answer 20

“kids aren’t just stupid adults,” SOCKS progression (Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete, Formal)

Question 21

Erin Beck

Answer 21

cognitive behavior therapy/rational emotive behavioral therapy (CBT/REBT), switch to positive thoughts

Question 22

Albert Ellis

Answer 22

irrational –> rational (REBT), realistic thoughts

Question 23

Darley + Latane

Answer 23

sociocultural, diffusion of responsibility when emergency

Question 24

Bouchard

Answer 24

twin studies, twins split apart still have similar personality (genes triumph)

Question 25

Elizabeth Loftus

Answer 25

misinformation, false memory as bystander effect

Question 26

Festinger

Answer 26

cognitive dissonance, thoughts have inconsistency

Question 27

Vygotsky

Answer 27

zone of proximal development, learning (what a learner is capable of doing unsupported vs. what the learner cannot do with support)

Question 28

Milgram

Answer 28

shock experiment, complying to authority

Question 29

Asch

Answer 29

conformity, line test, confederate experiment

Question 30

Zimbardo

Answer 30

prison experiment, guards vs. prisoners, social roles

Question 31

Sherif

Answer 31

Robber's Cave, ingroup vs. outgroup, arguments

Question 32

Bem

Answer 32

people are unaware of attitude changes caused by behavior. Instead, people believe that views they hold are views they always held.

Question 33

Bandura

Answer 33

bobo doll, see violence --> be violent, passive learning

Question 34

Thorndike

Answer 34

rewarded behavior will continue, punished behavior will end

Question 35

Seligman

Answer 35

dog shock experiment, learned helplessness

Question 36

Adler

Answer 36

humans are social beings, all behavior has social meaning

Question 37

Carl Jung

Answer 37

whole of the individual's experience should be respected and included, even "shadow" aspects

Question 38

Horney

Answer 38

people need warm environments to realize their "real self"