Scope 3: Plate Tectonics

Question 1

Fossils

Answer 1

preserved parts or traces of animals that lived in the past

Question 2

crust

Answer 2

the thin, solid, outermost layer of Earth, is either landmasses or ocean floors

Question 3

mantle

Answer 3

the solid layer of Earth below the crust and above the coreli

Question 4

lithosphere

Answer 4

the outermost part of Earth, comprising of crust and the uppermost part of the mantle

Question 5

asthenosphere

Answer 5

middle part of the mantle, both solid and partly melted which allows tectonic plates to move. this floating is known as plasticity.

Question 6

how slow does the asthenosphere move every year?

Answer 6

2-4 cm annually

Question 7

core

Answer 7

the two-part layer of earth below the matnel with a liquid outer core and a solid inner core.

Question 8

what is the outer core made up of?

Answer 8

molten material of mostly iron

Question 9

what is the inner core made up of?

Answer 9

mostly of iron

Question 10

tectonic plates

Answer 10

huge pieces of crust that slowly move on the upper part of the mantle

Question 11

continental drift

Answer 11

the theory that continents were once connected but have drifted apart.

Question 12

convection

Answer 12

heat transfer caused by the rising of hotter, less dense fluids and the falling of cooler, denser fluids.

Question 13

convection currents

Answer 13

a circular movement caused by the rising of hotter, less dense fluid.

Question 14

plate tectonics

Answer 14

the theory that the lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that slow moe on top of the asthenosphere.

Question 15

magma

Answer 15

melted or molten rock material beaneath earth’s surface.

Question 16

what are trilobites?

Answer 16

anthropods that existed for almost 300 million years.

Question 17

where did trilobites first appear?

Answer 17

about 521 million years ago (died out about 251 million years ago before dinosaurs)

Question 18

where are trilobites found?

Answer 18

almost everywhere on earth

Question 19

what are transform boundaries?

Answer 19

a place hwere two tectonic plates slide past each other

Question 20

what do transform boundaries cause?

Answer 20

earthquakes

Question 21

what are divergent boundaries?

Answer 21

the boundary between two tectonic plates moving away from each other, creating rift valleys on land, new ocean crusts on seafloors

Question 22

what do divergent boundaries cause?

Answer 22

mid-ocean ridges, sea floor spreading, and new ocean floors

Question 23

what are convergent boundaries?

Answer 23

a place where two tectonic plates move toward each other and collide

Question 24

what do convergent boundaries cause?

Answer 24

volcanoes and mountains

Question 25

what is a subduction?

Answer 25

- when one plate is forced down into the mantel (volcanoes - occurs to continent, ocean plate always subducts to continental plate, earthquakes to creat tsunamis - continent to continent, creates mountains

Question 26

what is the first layer of the earth?

Answer 26

the crust - ocean floors and continental landmasses

Question 27

what is the second layer of the earth?

Answer 27

the lithosphere

Question 28

what is the third layer of earth?

Answer 28

the mantle

Question 29

what is the fourth layer of the earth?

Answer 29

the asthenosphere, or the middle part

Question 30

what is the fourth layer of earth?

Answer 30

the outer core

Question 31

what is the fifth layer of earth

Answer 31

the inner core

Question 32

what are the two types of crust?

Answer 32

the two types of crust are the oceanic and continental crusts

Question 33

what two processes does convection produce?

Answer 33

two processes produced by convection currents are earth's magnetic fields and tectonic plates