Scope Of Microbiology

Question 1

The major groups of organisms studied in microbiology

Answer 1

bacteria,
algae,
fungi,
viruses,
protozo

Question 2

the study of microbes

Answer 2

Microbiology

Question 3

• Single-celled organisms with various shapes (spherical, rod, spiral).
• Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 4

• Similar to bacteria, single-celled, no nucleus.
• Genetically and metabolically distinct; often extremophiles.

Answer 4

Archaea

Question 5

• Single or multicellular, with a nucleus and intracellular structures.
• Photosynthetic, important food sources, mostly non-pathogenic.

Answer 5

Algae

Question 6

• Single or multicellular with a nucleus.
• Absorb nutrients, decomposers, some cause diseases or produce antibiotics.

Answer 6

Fungi

Question 7

Acellular, extremely small, need host cells to replicate.
Can cause diseases; include viroids and prions.

Answer 7

Viruses

Question 8

Single-celled with a nucleus, can move, some are pathogenic.

Answer 8

Protozoa

Question 9

Macroscopic, can cause or transmit diseases through microscopic stages.

Answer 9

Helminths and Arthropods

Question 10

Historical Roots

Answer 10

Mosaic Laws

Question 11

Biblical sanitation laws, such as waste burial and leper isolation,
influenced preventive medicine.

Answer 11

Mosaic Laws

Question 12

Greek Contributions

Answer 12

Hippocrates

Thucydides

Question 13

Linked diseases with symptoms, recognized disease
transmission

Answer 13

Hippocrates

Question 14

Noted immunity in plague survivor

Answer 14

Thucydides

Question 15

Roman Insights

Answer 15

Varro

Lucretius

Black Death

Question 16

Proposed microscopic organisms cause disease.

Answer 16

Varro

Question 17

Mentioned “seeds” of disease.

Answer 17

Lucretius

Question 18

Plague killed millions in Europe during the 14th century.

Answer 18

Black Death

Question 19

Microscope Development:

Answer 19

Robert Hooke (1665

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 20

Coined “cell” observing cork.

Answer 20

Robert Hooke (1665)

Question 21

Observed microorganisms, advanced microbiology

Answer 21

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 22

Developed a classification system.

Answer 22

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 23

Formulated by Schleiden and Schwann, identifying cells as life’s
fundamental units.

Answer 23

Cell Theory

Question 24

Divisions and Significance
of Microbiology

Answer 24

Immunology
Virology
Chemotherapy
Microbial Genetics

Question 25

- was first used against smallpox; Jenner used fluid from cowpox blisters to immunize against it. • Pasteur developed techniques to weaken organisms so they would produce immunity without producing disease.

Answer 25

Immunology

Question 26

Study of viruses

Answer 26

Virology

Question 27

Griffith discovered that previously harmless bacteria could change their nature and become capable of causing disease. This genetic change was shown by Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod to be due to DNA. Tatum and Beadle studied biochemical mutants of Neurospora to show how genetic information controls metabolism.

Answer 27

Genetics and Molecular Biology

Question 28

Project has identified the location and sequence of all bases in the human genome. Microbes and microbiological techniques have contributed to this work. • Over 100 bacterial genomes have been sequenced completely. A few have two instead of one chromosome.

Answer 28

Genomics