Screening Flashcards
What screening programmes does the NHS offer?
- screening in pregnancy
- newborn screening
- retinal screening for people with diabetes
- cervical screening
- breast screening
- bowel cancer screening
- AAA screening
What conditions are routinely screened for in pregnancy?
- maternal infection: HepB, HIV, syphilis
- maternal (+ paternal if appropriate) haematological abnormalities: thalassaemia, sickle cell disease
- foetal anomalies: Down’s syndrome, Edwards’ syndrome, Patau’s syndrome, physical conditions
- maternal retinal screening if diabetic
When and how are neonates screened?
- blood spot test (heel prick test) for 9 rare conditions
- newborn hearing test in first weeks of life
- NIPE within 72 hrs and again at 6-8 weeks
Who is offered retinal screening in the UK?
- diabetics ages 12+
- pregnant people who have diabetes
How often is retinal screening offered?
annually
Who is offered cervical screening in the UK?
- people with a cervix
- aged 25 - 64
How often is cervical screening offered in the UK?
- every three years for ages 25-49
- every five years for ages 50-64
Who is offered breast screening in the UK?
- people who were assigned female at birth, identify as female and or are registered with their GP as female
- aged 50 and 71
How often is breast screening offered in the UK?
every three years
Who is offered bowel cancer screening in the UK?
- people aged 60 - 74
- however: screening is gradually being rolled out to people in their 50s, and those over 74 can have further screening at their request
How often is bowel cancer screening offered in the UK?
every two years
Who is offered AAA screening in the UK?
- people who are registered with their GP as male will be invited in the year they turn 65
- people who were assigned male at birth but are registered with their GP as female can request screening from the age of 65
- people who meet these criteria but are older can self-refer
What are the criteria for a good screening programme?
- the condition should be an important health problem and its natural history should be understood
- there should be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage
- there should be a policy on who should be treated
- there should be an accepted treatment recognised for the disease and treatment should be more effective if started early
- diagnosis and treatment should be cost-effective and the required facilities should be available
- the test should be: easy to perform and interpret, acceptable, accurate, reliable, sensitive and specific
- case-finding should be a continuous process
What are the potential outcomes of AAA screening?
< 3cm = no further action
3cm - 4.4cm = small aneurysm, rescan every 12 months
4.5cm - 5.4cm = medium aneurysm, rescan every 3 months
>5.5cm = large aneurysm, refer to vascular within 2 weeks
What are the potential outcomes of cervical cancer screening?
- HPV -ve = return to normal screening
- HPV +ve with no cell changes = rescreen in 1 year (if three consecutive results like this then colposcopy)
- HPV +ve with cell changes = colposcopy
