Scrotum

Question 0

What is located in the scrotum?

Answer 0

testes - actual gland

epididymis - traveling route for sperm

spermatic cord - blood vessels

Question 1

What is the scrotum?

Answer 1

supporting structure for the testes that allows for sperm survival

Question 2

What is the primary function of the testicles>

Answer 2

production of sperm and testosterone

Question 3

What is the imaging modality of choice for the scrotum?

Answer 3

US

Question 4

What kind of transducer do you use?

Answer 4

high frequency

improved spatial (detail) and contrast resoultion

color doppler adds increased sensitivity to display scrotal perfusion

Question 5

What is the basic measurements for the scrotum?

Answer 5

3-5cm x 2-4cm x 3cm

Question 6

What are the testes?

Answer 6

symmetric

oval glands

exocrine - spermatozoa

endocrine - testerone

Question 7

How is the scrotum divided?

Answer 7

by the median Raphe

Question 8

What are the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 8

tubules converge to form the network of channels

Question 9

What is the Rete Testis?

Answer 9

drains into the head of the epididymis in the hilum where the mediastinum resides

Question 10

how are sperm cells formed?

Answer 10

seminiferous tubules > tubuli recti > rete testis > efferent ductule > ductus epididymis > vas deferens

Question 11

What are the parts of the epididymis?

Answer 11

head

body

tail

Question 12

What is the epididymis?

Answer 12

6-7cm tubular structure

located: posterior and superior

Question 13

What is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 13

store and transport sperm

Question 14

What do the seminal vesicles contain?

Answer 14

fluid for sperm

Question 15

What does the vas deferens do?

Answer 15

transports sperm to the seminal vesicles

Question 16

what is the ductus epididymis?

Answer 16

single duct in body and tail

Question 17

What is a vasectomy?

Answer 17

surgically interrupted vas deferens

Question 18

What does the bulbourethral gland (cowper) do?

Answer 18

secretes fluid

Question 19

What is an appendix testis?

Answer 19

remnant of the Müllerian duct

ovoid structure beneath the head of the epididymis

Question 20

What is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 20

dense, fibrous tissue, completely covers testes

Question 21

What is the mediastinum testis?

Answer 21

linear stripe of variable thickness running through the testis in a longitudinal direction (craniocaudal)

Question 22

What is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 22

serous covering of testis which is a double layer extension of peritoneum

parietal (outer) and visceral (inner) - between here is where hydrocele’s form (of the vaginalis)

Question 23

Where do hydrocele’s form?

Answer 23

between the parietal and visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis

Question 24

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 24

thin muscular tubes that carry sperm from each testicle to the urethra

Question 25

what is the verumontanum?

Answer 25

junction of the ejaculatory duct with the urethra

Question 26

What is in the spermatic cord?

Answer 26

vas deferens testicular arteries venous pampiniform plexus lymphatics autonomic nerves

Question 27

Where do the rt and lt testicular arteries come from?

Answer 27

arise from anterior Ao just inferior to Renal Artery laterally low resistance flow

Question 28

What are the testicular arteries?

Answer 28

capsular centripetal recurrent rami (centrifual) extratesticular: cremateric deferentail

Question 29

What is the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 29

the network of veins

Question 30

The right testicular vein drains into _______

Answer 30

IVC

Question 31

The left testicular vein drains into _______

Answer 31

Left renal vein

Question 32

What are the indications for a scrotal sonogram?

Answer 32

palpable mass scrotal pain swollen scrotum trauma infertility location: have patient show you, how long? (for palpable lump)

Question 33

What is the risk if the a mass is found INSIDE the testicle?

Answer 33

malignancy

Question 34

What are you looking for when scan the testicles

Answer 34

are they similiar? compare is there flow? absent or hyperemic evaluate epididymis - compare flow representative images in two planes

Question 35

When might you need to use a curved transducer?

Answer 35

if there are large hydroceles, hematomas, swelling or abscess needed for a larger field of view

Question 36

Where do the testes reside?

Answer 36

in the scrotum

Question 36

What are the testes?

Answer 36

symmetric oval glands exocrine and endocrine gland

Question 37

Which artery can you sometimes see coursing through the testes?

Answer 37

transmediastinal artery see slide 32 for picture

Question 38

How does venous drainage occur?

Answer 38

through veins of pampiniform plexus exits mediastinum courses through spermatic cord converges into 3 veins

Question 39

What is one picture you must always get?

Answer 39

both testes at the same time!