Scrotum and Testes- Path

Question 1

Describe testicular torsion

Answer 1

The spermatic cord turns on itself

Question 2

True or False: Testicular viability will be lost if testicular torsion is not corrected within 6hours

Answer 2

True

Question 3

At what age does testicular torsion most commonly occur

Answer 3

12-18 years

Question 4

What is a symptom of testicular torsion?

Answer 4

Quick onset of pain

Question 5

Describe the blood flow of testicular torsion

Answer 5

Near or complete absence of blood flow

Question 6

True or False: Testicular torsion can spontaneously resolve on its own

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Testicular fracture is caused by a torn __________.

Answer 7

tunica albuginea

Question 8

Testicular fracture is usually cause by?

Answer 8

Trauma (MVA or athletic accident)

Question 9

What is the salvage rate after testicular fracture ?

Answer 9

< 72 hours =90% ; >72 hours =45%

Question 10

Describe epididymitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the epididymis caused by bacterial infection or trauma

Question 11

The most common cause of epididymitis in young men is?

Answer 11

STD

Question 12

What is common in patients with epididymitis?

Answer 12

abscess (infection)

Question 13

Describe orchitis

Answer 13

Inflammation of the testis due to trauma, mumps, mets, or other infection

Question 14

True or False: Isolated orchitis is common

Answer 14

False; usually secondary to epididymitis (bacterioa coninues to testis)

Question 15

Describe hydrocele

Answer 15

abnormal amount of serous fluid in vaginalis sac

Question 16

Describe epididymo-orchitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of epididymis and testis

Question 17

Hydrocele is associated with?

Answer 17

epididymitis

Question 18

True or False: Hydrocele can be congenital or acquired

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Name the extratesticular cysts

Answer 19

epididymal cyst, spermatocele, tunica albuginea cyst

Question 20

Name the intratesticular cysts

Answer 20

testicular cyst, epidermoid cyst, dilated rete testis, varicoele

Question 21

What is the most common extratesticular cyst?

Answer 21

epididymal cyst

Question 22

True or False: Epididymal cysts are common occuring in 90-95% of men

Answer 22

False; 5% of men

Question 23

Describe an epididymal cyst

Answer 23

benign cyst containing serous fluid

Question 24

Describe spermatocele

Answer 24

cyst that contains sperm

Question 25

Where are spermatoceles located?

Answer 25

head of epididymis, superior to testis

Question 26

Spermatocele may displace the testis ________.

Answer 26

anteriorly

Question 27

Where are tunica albuginea cysts usually found?

Answer 27

Around periphery of testis (tunica albuginea)

Question 28

Intratesticular cysts are _______ common than extratesticular cysts

Answer 28

less

Question 29

True or False: Testicular cysts are common

Answer 29

False; rare 10% of men

Question 30

Where are testicular cysts usually located?

Answer 30

adjacent to mediastinum testis (center of testis)

Question 31

Epidermoid cysts have what appearance?

Answer 31

onion slice

Question 32

Dilated rete testis is also known as?

Answer 32

tubular ecstasia

Question 33

Describe dilated rete testis

Answer 33

enlargement of rete testis due to obstruction at level of epididymis

Question 34

Tubular ectasia is a dilation of the?

Answer 34

Efferent ductules

Question 35

Describe varicocele

Answer 35

dilation of veins in the scrotum

Question 36

True or false: Varicocele can cause infertility

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What causes varicocele?

Answer 37

Incompetent valves

Question 38

What is used to increase the vessel size with varicocele?

Answer 38

Valsalva maneuver

Question 39

On which side of varicocele most commonly occur?

Answer 39

Left

Question 40

Describe scrotal hernia

Answer 40

intestines herniated into inguina, canal

Question 41

What confirms a scrotal hernia?

Answer 41

peristalsis

Question 42

What can lead to a testicular abcess?

Answer 42

epididymitis, orchitis, epididymo-orchitis

Question 43

What is the main characteristic of an abcess sonographically?

Answer 43

ring of fire flow

Question 44

Intratesticular hematoma is usually caused by?

Answer 44

trauma

Question 45

Describe hematocele

Answer 45

blood in vaginalis sac due to trauma

Question 46

Describe pyocele

Answer 46

pus in vaginalis sac due to infection

Question 47

Microcalcifications in the testes are usually?

Answer 47

benign

Question 48

Describe cryptorchidism

Answer 48

Undescended testes

Question 49

Cryptorchidism causes an increased chance of?

Answer 49

seminoma

Question 50

What is the usual ectopic location of an undescended testis?

Answer 50

Inguinal canal

Question 51

What is the most common testicular neoplasm?

Answer 51

Lymphoma

Question 52

True or False: Primary leukemia in the testis is common

Answer 52

False; rare (usually secondary)

Question 53

List the germ cell tumors from most to least common

Answer 53

seminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, choriocarcinoma,

Question 54

Germ cell tumor are ________ of scrotal neoplasm malignancies

Answer 54

90-95%

Question 55

Seminoma is more common when patient also has?

Answer 55

Cryptorchidism

Question 56

Seminoma is ______ of germ cell tumors

Answer 56

40-50%

Question 57

What is the most common germ cell tumor?

Answer 57

Seminoma

Question 58

Embryonal cell carcinoma is ________ of germ cell tumors

Answer 58

20-30%

Question 59

What is the most common germ cell tumors in infants?

Answer 59

yolk sac tumor

Question 60

Teratoma is _______ of germ cell tumors

Answer 60

5-10%

Question 61

Choriocarcinoma is ______ of germ cell tumors

Answer 61

1-3%

Question 62

What is the most malignant germ cell tumor?

Answer 62

Choriocarcinoma

Question 63

Patients with choriocarcinoma can also have _________ along with high levels of ________.

Answer 63

gynecomastia; hCG

Question 64

True or False: Leydig Cell tumor is a germ cell tumor

Answer 64

False; stromal

Question 65

Metastasis is common with ______ and ______.

Answer 65

Leukemia; Lymphoma

Question 66

What are the most common sites of metastasis ?

Answer 66

Prostate and kidney