scrotum + testicles Flashcards
(44 cards)
what is the tunica vaginalis
serous membrane pouch that covers testes
what is hydrocele
fluid within tunica vaginalis
what is communicating hydrocele
allows peritoneal fluid to drain to scrotum
who commonly gets communicating hydrocele
male nweborns and resolve in a few months
what is non-communicating hydrocele
excess fluid production within tunic vaginalis
causes hydrocele
epididymo-orchitis // testicular torsion // testicular tumour
o/e hydrocele
soft, nontender swelling // confined to scrotum // transilluminates // testes difficult to palpate
diagnosis hyrocele
usually clinical but can be USS
mx hydrocelle
conservative –> USS to check for tumour
what is varicocele
enlarged testicular veins
features varicocele
subfertile // left sided // ‘bag of worms’
invx + mx varicole
USS // conservative, maybe surgery if painful
what is a worrying cause of varicocele
renal cancer
what is testicular torsion
torsion of spermatic cord –> ischaemia + necrosis
who gets testicular torsion
males 10-30 (usually kids) //during exercise
symptoms testicular torsion
severe + sudden pain // lower abdo pain // N+V
o/e testicular torsion (4)
swollen // tender testis retracted // no cremasteric reflex (stroke thigh teste retracts) // elevation of testis does not relieve pain (prehn’s)
mx testicular torsion
(USS) // urgent surgical exploration // fixation of both testis
what is the most common cause of scrotal swelling in primary care
epidiymal cysts
o/e epidiymal cysts
painless // usually over 40yrs // separate from body of testis // posterior
symptoms (3)
PKD, CF, von hippel-landeua
invx epidiymal cysts
USS
what is Epididymo-orchitis
infection of epididymis +/- testes
causes Epididymo-orchitis
young men = chlamydia or gonorrhea // older = E.Coli
