seawater

Question 1

What bond is between two hydrogen and one oxygen atom?

Answer 1

covalent bonds

Question 2

covalent bonds

Answer 2

bond between two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms in water molecule

Question 3

What polarization is water?

Answer 3

dipolar

Question 4

What kind of molecule is water?

Answer 4

polar molecule

Question 5

attraction of positive and negative ends of water molecules to each other or other ions

Answer 5

hydrogen bonds

Question 6

hydrogen bonds are (greater/weaker) than covalent bonds

Answer 6

weaker

Question 7

What gives water its unique properties?

Answer 7

hydrogen bons

Question 8

What does hydrogen bonding result in?

Answer 8

• high water surface tension because of cohesion
• capillary action because of adhesion
• excellent solvent
• unusual thermal properties of water
• unusual density of water

Question 9

cohesion results in…

Answer 9

high water surface tension

Question 10

adhesion results in…

Answer 10

capillary action

Question 11

water is an excellent solvent because…

Answer 11

polar substances will dissolve other polar substances and ionic substances

Question 12

calorie

Answer 12

amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C

Question 13

amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C

Answer 13

calorie

Question 14

temperature

Answer 14

a measurement of average kinetic energy

Question 15

a measurement of average kinetic energy

Answer 15

temperature

Question 16

freezing point

Answer 16

0°C (32°F)

Question 17

melting point

Answer 17

0°C (32°F)

Question 18

boiling point

Answer 18

100°C (212°F)

Question 19

condensation point

Answer 19

100°C (212°F)

Question 20

heat capacity

Answer 20

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of any substance by 1°C

Question 21

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of any substance by 1°C

Answer 21

heat capacity

Question 22

water has a __ heat capacity

Answer 22

high

Question 23

high heat capacity causes…

Answer 23

can take in or lose much heat without changing temperature

Question 24

high heat capacity is caused by…

Answer 24

hydrogen bonds

Question 25

specific heat

Answer 25

heat capacity per unit mass

Question 26

heat capacity per unit mass

Answer 26

specific heat

Question 27

equatorial oceans (do/do not) boil

Answer 27

do not

Question 28

play oceans (do/do not) freeze solid

Answer 28

do not

Question 29

marine effect

Answer 29

oceans moderate temperature changes from day to night and during different seasons

Question 30

oceans moderate temperature changes from day to night and during different seasons

Answer 30

marine effect

Question 31

continental effect

Answer 31

land areas have greater range of temperatures from day to night and during different seasons

Question 32

land areas have greater range of temperatures from day to night and during different seasons

Answer 32

continental effect

Question 33

density of water (increases/decreases) as temperature (increases/decreases)

Answer 33

increases, decreases

Question 34

Is ice less or more dense than water?

Answer 34

less

Question 35

Does most seawater freeze?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

What is the salinity of the ocean?

Answer 36

33-38%

Question 37

high latitude salinity

Answer 37

- low salinity - abundant sea ice melting, precipitation, and runoff

Question 38

low latitudes near equator salinity

Answer 38

- low salinity - high precipitation and runoff

Question 39

mid latitudes salinity

Answer 39

- high salinity - warm, dry, descending air increases evaporation

Question 40

density (increases/decreases) with decreasing temperature

Answer 40

increase

Question 41

density (increases/decreases) with increasing salinity

Answer 41

increases

Question 42

density (increases/decreases) with increasing pressure

Answer 42

increases

Question 43

salinity (increases/decreases) with depth at low latitudes

Answer 43

decreases

Question 44

salinity (increases/decreases) with depth at high latitudes

Answer 44

increases

Question 45

halocline

Answer 45

separates ocean layers of different salinity

Question 46

separates ocean layers of different salinity

Answer 46

halocline

Question 47

pycnocline

Answer 47

abrupt change of density with depth

Question 48

abrupt change of density with depth

Answer 48

pycnocline

Question 49

thermocline

Answer 49

abrupt change of temperature with depth

Question 50

abrupt change of temperature with depth

Answer 50

thermocline

Question 51

above thermocline

Answer 51

mixed surface layer

Question 52

thermocline and pycnocline

Answer 52

upper water

Question 53

below thermocline to ocean floor

Answer 53

deep water

Question 54

destillation

Answer 54

- most common process - water boiled and condensed - solar distillation in arid climates

Question 55

electrolysis

Answer 55

- electrode-containing freshwater - membrane between fresh and salt water tanks

Question 56

reverse osmosis

Answer 56

salt water forced through membrane into fresh water

Question 57

freeze separation

Answer 57

water frozen and thawed multiple times