SEC 2

Question 1

What kingdom do algae belong to?

Answer 1

Algae belong to the kingdom Protista.

Question 2

Are most species of algae unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 2

Most species of algae are unicellular, but some are multicellular.

Question 3

How do algae differ from protozoa?

Answer 3

Algae manufacture their food by photosynthesis.

Question 4

What are the characteristics of algae?

Answer 4

Algae are a diverse group of protists, have chloroplasts, and are autotrophic.

Question 5

How do algae make their own food?

Answer 5

Algae make their own food by photosynthesis.

Question 6

What sizes can algae be?

Answer 6

Algae can be very small (microscopic) or very large (like seaweed).

Question 7

Where are most algae found?

Answer 7

Most algae are aquatic.

Question 8

What is the body portion of algae called?

Answer 8

The body portion of algae is called thallus.

Question 9

How many types of algae are recognized based on body structures?

Answer 9

Four types of algae are recognized based on body structures.

Question 10

What are unicellular algae?

Answer 10

Unicellular algae have a structure that consists of a single cell.

Most unicellular algae are aquatic organisms that compose the phytoplankton.

Question 11

What is phytoplankton?

Answer 11

Phytoplankton is a population of photosynthetic organisms that produces almost half of the world’s carbohydrates and oxygen in the atmosphere.

Question 12

Give an example of unicellular algae.

Answer 12

An example of unicellular algae is Chlamydomonas.

Question 13

What are colonial algae?

Answer 13

Colonial algae have a structure that consists of groups of cells.

Example: Volvox.

Question 14

What are filamentous algae?

Answer 14

Filamentous algae have a slender rod-shaped structure.

Example: Spirogyra.

Question 15

What are multicellular algae?

Answer 15

Multicellular algae have large and leaflike structures.

Example: Ulva.

Question 16

How can algae reproduce?

Answer 16

Algae can reproduce sexually or asexually.

Question 17

How are algae classified?

Answer 17

Algae are classified into seven phyla, based on their color, type of chlorophyll, form of food-storage substance, and cell wall composition.

Question 18

What pigment do all known phyla of algae contain?

Answer 18

All known phyla contain the light-absorbing photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a.

Question 19

What other forms of chlorophyll can different types of algae contain?

Answer 19

Different types of algae also contain other forms of chlorophylls, such as chlorophylls b, c, or d.

Question 20

What do accessory pigments in some phyla do?

Answer 20

Accessory pigments give them their characteristic color.

Question 21

What is the Phylum Chlorophyta commonly known as?

Answer 21

Green Algae

Question 22

What size range do algae in Phylum Chlorophyta cover?

Answer 22

They range from small sizes to very large sizes.

Question 23

In what environments can Green Algae be found?

Answer 23

They are found in aquatic and moist terrestrial environments such as soil, rock surfaces, and tree trunks.

Question 24

What type of chlorophyll do Green Algae contain?

Answer 24

They contain chlorophylls a and b.

Question 25

What additional pigments do Green Algae have?

Answer 25

They have many carotenoids.

Question 26

How do Green Algae store their food?

Answer 26

They store their food as starch.

Question 27

What are the cell walls of Green Algae made of?

Answer 27

Their cell walls are made of cellulose.

Question 28

What type of organisms are all brown algae?

Answer 28

All brown algae are multicellular and most are large.

Question 29

What pigment do brown algae contain?

Answer 29

They contain a pigment called fucoxanthin, which makes them look brown.

Question 30

What types of chlorophyll do brown algae have?

Answer 30

They contain chlorophyll a and c.

Question 31

How is the food produced by brown algae stored?

Answer 31

The food they produce is stored as laminarin, a carbohydrate with glucose units.

Question 32

What is the cell wall of macrocystis used for?

Answer 32

The cell wall of macrocystis contains a carbohydrate used in cosmetics and various drugs, as food, and as a stabilizer in most ice creams.

Question 33

What are red algae typically smaller than?

Answer 33

Red algae are usually smaller than brown algae.

Question 34

How deep can red algae be found?

Answer 34

Red algae can be found as deep as 200 m.

Question 35

What pigments do red algae contain?

Answer 35

Red algae contain chlorophyll a and red and blue pigments called phycobilins.

Question 36

What role do phycobilins play in red algae?

Answer 36

Phycobilins play an important role in absorbing light for photosynthesis.

Question 37

Why are phycobilins important for red algae?

Answer 37

These pigments can absorb the wavelengths of light that penetrate deep into the water.

Question 38

What is carageenan?

Answer 38

Carageenan is a sticky substance that coats the cell walls of certain species of red algae.

Question 39

What is carageenan used for?

Answer 39

Carageenan is a polysaccharide used in the production of cosmetics, gelatin capsules, and some types of cheese.

Question 40

What are the cell walls of diatoms called?

Answer 40

Their cell walls are called shells and are made of two pieces that fit into each other. Each half of the shell is called a valve.

Question 41

Why are diatoms important for microscopic heterotrophs?

Answer 41

They are an important source of nutrients for microscopic heterotrophs.

Question 42

What role do diatoms play in food webs?

Answer 42

They are important producers in fresh and marine food webs.

Question 43

What happens to dead diatom shells?

Answer 43

Dead diatom shells sink to the bottom of the water and form material that is used to make cleaning supplies, detergents, paint removers, fertilizers, insulators, and some types of toothpaste.

Question 44

What are dinoflagellates?

Answer 44

Dinoflagellates are small, usually unicellular organisms.

Question 45

Are dinoflagellates photosynthetic?

Answer 45

Most dinoflagellates are photosynthetic.

Question 46

What color do photosynthetic dinoflagellates usually have?

Answer 46

They usually have a yellowish-greenish-brownish color due to carotenoids and chlorophyll a and c.

Question 47

How many flagella do dinoflagellates have?

Answer 47

They have 2 flagella of unequal length.

Question 48

What is the function of the flagella in dinoflagellates?

Answer 48

The flagella help them spin in the top of the water.

Question 49

What are dinoflagellate cell walls made of?

Answer 49

Dinoflagellate cell walls are made of cellulose.

Question 50

What phenomenon do dinoflagellates produce?

Answer 50

They produce bioluminescence, creating sparkling light on the ocean at night.

Question 51

What happens when dinoflagellate populations increase?

Answer 51

When their population increases, the water becomes brownish red, causing a red tide.

Question 52

Where do most golden algae live?

Answer 52

Most of golden algae live in fresh water, but a few are found in marine environments.

Question 53

What color are golden algae?

Answer 53

They have a yellowish-brownish color due to large amounts of carotenoids.

Question 54

What types of chlorophyll do golden algae have?

Answer 54

They have chlorophyll a and c.

Question 55

How do golden algae store their extra energy?

Answer 55

They store their extra energy as oil, which causes the formation of petroleum deposits.

Question 56

What is the phylum of Euglena?

Answer 56

Euglenophyta

Question 57

What are the plant-like characteristics of Euglena?

Answer 57

They have chlorophyll and are photosynthetic.

Question 58

What are the animal-like characteristics of Euglena?

Answer 58

They lack a cell wall and are highly motile.

Question 59

What happens to Euglena in a dark environment?

Answer 59

It will not produce chlorophyll and will be heterotrophic.