sec 3 chem chapt 4

Question 1

what are the types of chemical bonds?

Answer 1

ionic and covalent

Question 2

Ionic atoms lose or gain electrons to form?

Answer 2

ions

Question 3

Ionic bonds have attraction between

Answer 3

between +ve and –ve ions

Question 4

ionic bonds occur mainly between

Answer 4

metals and non-metals

Question 5

types of ionic bonds (give example)

Answer 5

sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide
SCMOCH

Question 6

Noble gases are unreactive (inert) as they have a

Answer 6

COMPLETE VALENCE electron shell.

Question 7

Noble gases do not need to

Answer 7

lose, gain or share electrons with other elements.

Question 8

Metals(Groups 1, 2, 13 etc.) lose electrons to form

Answer 8

cations(positive ions)

Question 9

Non-metals(Groups 15, 16, 17) gain electrons to form

Answer 9

anions (negative ions).

Question 10

Atoms will lose or gain electrons to achieve

Answer 10

noble gas electronic configuration(duplet or octet electronic configuration)

Question 11

Why do atoms want to achieve noble gas electronic configuration

Answer 11

as this makes the atoms very stable and unreactive (inert).

Question 12

A positive ion (cation) is formed

Answer 12

when an atom (usually a metal) loses valence electron(s).

Question 13

Cations have a —– charge (more protons than electrons) and usually have a ———-

Answer 13

net positive, noble gas electronic configuration

Question 13

Metals in the same group (Groups 1, 2 and 13) forms ions with the —–

Answer 13

same charges.

Question 14

Group 1 metals have —– valence electron.
Group 2 metals have —— valence electron.

Answer 14

one, two

Question 15

A negative ion (anion) is formed when an atom (usually a non-metal)

Answer 15

gains electron(s).

Question 16

Anions have a ———– charge (fewer protons than electrons) and have a ——————

Answer 16

net negative, noble gas electronic configuration.

Question 17

Non-metals in the same group (Groups 15, 16 and 17) forms ions with the

Answer 17

same charges.

Question 18

An ionic bond is the ———-

Answer 18

*electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charges.

Question 19

We can represent ionic compounds using —————- diagrams.

Answer 19

dot-and-cross

Question 20

Metal atoms———– electrons to form ———-

Answer 20

lose, cations

Question 21

Non-metal atoms —- electrons to form ——–

Answer 21

gain, anions

Question 22

Group 1, 2, and 13 metals form —— with charges of ————– respectively!

Answer 22

cations, 1+, 2+ and 3+ respectively!

Question 23

common cations with a +1 charge include…
don’t need for this wa

Answer 23

hydrogen H,
sodium Na
potassium K
silver Ag
ammonium NH4

Question 24

cations with 3+ charge dont need for this wa

Answer 24

iron(III) Fe aluminium Al

Question 25

cations with 2+ charge dont need for this wa

Answer 25

magnesium Mg calcium Ca barium Ba iron(II)Fe copper(II) C zincZn lead(II) Pb peroxideO2

Question 25

common -2 charge anions dont need for this wa

Answer 25

oxide O carbonate CO3 sulfate SO4

Question 26

common -1 charge anions dont need for this wa

Answer 26

fluoride F chloride Cl bromide Br iodide I hydroxide OH nitrate NO3 manganate(VII) MnO4 ethanoate CH3 COO

Question 27

common -3 charge anions dont need for this wa

Answer 27

phosphate PO4 3–

Question 28

why must the total positive charge from the positive ions be equal to the total negative charge from the negative ions in an ionic compound?

Answer 28

an ionic compound is an electrically neutral compound

Question 29

What is a giant ionic lattice structure?

Answer 29

Ionic solids exist as giant ionic crystal lattices, which is a 3D structure of alternating positive and negative ions.

Question 30

Covalent atoms ---------

Answer 30

share electrons

Question 31

Covalent bonds are the

Answer 31

attraction between the shared electrons and +ve nucleus of the bonded atoms

Question 32

covalent bonds occur mainly between

Answer 32

occurs mainly between non-metals

Question 33

A covalent bond is formed when atoms (usually non-metals) SHARE

Answer 33

electrons to attain noble gas electronic configuration

Question 34

what is valency?

Answer 34

Valency refers to the number of electron(s) that must be lost, gained or shared in order for the atom to attain stable noble gas electronic configuration.

Question 35

The valency of an atom also tells us the number of ....

Answer 35

bonds the atom will have. e.g. oxygen has a valency of 2, so it will have 2 bonds-> carbon dioxide( o=c=o)

Question 36

What is the difference between a covalent and ionic bond?

Answer 36

electrons are transferred from one element to another in ionic bonds whereas electrons are shared in covalent bonds

Question 37

List the Diatomic elements

Answer 37

Hydrogen Nitrogen Flourine Oxygen Iodine Chlorine Bromine Have no fear of ice cold beer

Question 37

What are simple molecules?

Answer 37

Simple molecules have a countable number of atoms in a fixed ratio.

Question 38

Covalent molecules are mostly-------molecules.

Answer 38

simple

Question 39

Some covalent substances exist as --------- molecules.

Answer 39

giant

Question 39

What is a giant molecule?

Answer 39

A giant molecule has a practically uncountable number of atoms

Question 40

List down the 1+ polyatomic ions

Answer 40

ammonium NH4+

Question 41

List down all 1- charge polyatomic ions

Answer 41

hydroxide OH ^- nitrate NO3^- manganate(VII) MnO4 ^- ethanoate CH3 COOH^-

Question 42

List down all 2- charge polyatomic ions (these are covalent bonds)

Answer 42

oxide O 2– peroxide O2 2– carbonate CO3 2– sulfate SO4 2–

Question 43

List down the 3- charge polyatomic ion

Answer 43

phosphatePO4