Sec 32.1: Nutrients and Homeostasis

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

is the stable state of internal conditions in living systems

Question 2

What are the 6 types of nutrients that maintain homeostasis?

Answer 2

Water, Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats, Minerals, and Vitamins

Question 3

What is the body’s main source of energy?

Answer 3

Carbohydrate

Question 4

What does water help in?

Answer 4

digest food, eliminate waste products, maintain blood volume, regulate body temperature, keep skin moist, replace sweat, urine & respiration

Question 5

Where are simple carbs found?

Answer 5

Sugars in honey, fruits, and sugar cane

Question 6

Where are complex carbs found?

Answer 6

Starches in grains, potatoes, vegetables

Question 7

What is excess glucose from carbs breaking down stored as?

Answer 7

It is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver and muscle tissues for future energy.

Question 8

What is cellulose?

Answer 8

dietary fiber that helps move food through digestive system

Question 9

What are proteins?

Answer 9

They are the raw materials used for growth and repair of cells and tissues (make enzymes vital for cell metabolism).

Question 10

How many amino acids needed to build proteins does the body make? How many do you get from food?

Answer 10

The body makes 12 out of 20, and you gain the other 8, called essential amino acids, out of foods.

Question 11

What do fats do?

Answer 11

They provide energy and are a key composition in the cell membrane.

Question 12

What are fats formed of? Does the body make them?

Answer 12

They are formed of chains of fatty acids hooked to glycerol molecules. The body makes some, some are eaten.

Question 13

What are saturated fats?

Answer 13

They are unhealthy fats, solid at room temperature, and found in animal products.

Question 14

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 14

They are considered healthy fats, liquid at room temperature, and found in plant oils and fish.

Question 15

What are minerals?

Answer 15

They are inorganic materials used by the body to carry out processes in cells to build or repair tissue.

Question 16

Why do you need to take minerals?

Answer 16

Because they are constantly lost in urine, sweat, and other waste products.

Question 17

What is calcium important for?

Answer 17

blood clotting, bone/tooth formation, muscle/nerve function

Question 18

What sources can you gain calcium from?

Answer 18

dairy products, salmon, sardines, dark leafy greens

Question 19

What is iron important for?

Answer 19

component in homoglobin

Question 20

What sources can you gain iron from?

Answer 20

liver, dark leafy greens, whole grains

Question 21

What is iodine important for?

Answer 21

component in thyroid hormones

Question 22

What is magnesium important for?

Answer 22

bone/tooth formation, coenzyme in protein synthesis

Question 23

what sources can you gain magnesium from?

Answer 23

nuts, whole grains, leafy green vegetables

Question 24

what is phosphorus important for?

Answer 24

bone/tooth formation, active in many metabolic processes

Question 25

what is potassium important for?

Answer 25

regulation of pH, fluid balance, and muscle/nerve function

Question 26

what is sodium important for?

Answer 26

regulation of pH, fluid balance, and muscle/nerve function

Question 27

what sources can you gain sodium from?

Answer 27

table salt, seafood, processed foods

Question 28

what is zinc important for?

Answer 28

activation of many enzymes in metabolic processes

Question 29

What are vitamins?

Answer 29

Vitamins are organic molecules that work with enzymes to regulate cell functions, growth, and development.

Question 30

What are the vitamins divided into?

Answer 30

fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins

Question 31

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 31

they are those that dissolve in fats and taken before food. the 4 vitamins are A, D, E, and K

Question 32

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 32

they are those that dissolve in water and are taken after food. the most important ones are the B vitamins, vitamin C, and Folic acid

Question 33

What is vitamin A (retinol) important for?

Answer 33

healthy skin, mucous membrane, and vision

Question 34

What is vitamin D (calciferol) important for?

Answer 34

bone/tooth formation, increase in calcium and phosphorus absorption

Question 35

What are the sources you can gain vitamin D from?

Answer 35

fortified fairy and whole grain products, egg yolks, fish and liver oils

Question 36

What is vitamin E (tocopherol) important for?

Answer 36

prevention of cell damage

Question 37

What is vitamin K important for?

Answer 37

blood clotting and synthesis of clotting factors

Question 38

What are the sources you can gain vitamin K from?

Answer 38

leafy green vegetables, egg yolk, liver, also made by intestinal bacteria

Question 39

what are all B vitamins important for?

Answer 39

metabolism of carbs, proteins, glucose, fats. it is also important for the nerves and for protein synthesis and red blood cell production.

Question 40

What is vitamin C (ascorbic acid) important for?

Answer 40

antioxidant, maintenance of cartilage and bone, iron absorption, tissue repair, wound healing, and healthy gums

Question 41

What sources can you gain vitamin C from?

Answer 41

citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage, potatoes, melons

Question 42

What is Folic acid important for?

Answer 42

amino acid synthesis and metabolism, prevention of neural tube defects in fetuses.