second exam

Question 1

types of love in psych

Answer 1

Eros (romantic love), Agape (selfless love), Filia (friendship love)

Question 2

How do high expectations of romantic love affect us

Answer 2

we tend to idealize and romanticize love, expecting it to be perfect and fulfilling, which can lead to disappointment or unrealistic expectations.

Question 3

Robert Sternberg’s Theory of Love

Answer 3

Love is a combination of three components: intimacy, commitment, and passion.

Question 4

types of love

Answer 4

Intimacy: Liking, friendship, closeness.

Commitment: Empty love, like arranged marriages or staying together for external reasons.

Passion: Infatuation, physical attraction, “love at first sight.”

Question 5

Sternberg’s 4 Types of Love?

Answer 5

Romantic love: Intimacy + Passion.

Companionate love: Intimacy + Commitment.

Fatuous love: Passion + Commitment.

Consummate love: Intimacy + Commitment + Passion.

Question 6

Helen Fisher’s 3 Stages of Love?

Answer 6

Stage 1: Lust – Driven by testosterone and estrogen.

Stage 2: Attraction – Focus on one person, adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin.

Stage 3: Attachment – Oxytocin release, promotes closeness and long-term bonding.

Question 7

How does love affect us like a drug?

Answer 7

Love activates similar brain areas as cocaine, causing addiction-like behaviors (tolerance, withdrawal, relapse), and people can obsess over their partner.

Question 8

Men and women’s different love expressions?

Answer 8

: Evolutionary psychology suggests that women are more inclined to “tend and befriend” (seeking attachment), while men are more prone to face danger and form bonds through activities.

Question 9

What is the Superiority Illusion?

Answer 9

The belief that you are better than average in qualities like intelligence, kindness, or looks, even though most people are statistically average.

Question 10

The Dunning-Kruger Effect?

Answer 10

People who are less informed often overestimate their knowledge, while those who know more understand the complexity and their limitations.

Question 11

How does social support impact health?

Answer 11

Social and emotional support from friends, family, or pets can boost immune function, promote positive health, and improve well-being.

Question 12

The role of exercise in health?

Answer 12

Regular exercise enhances physical and psychological well-being, improves social connections, and promotes a positive attitude toward health.

Question 13

How does positive emotionality affect health?

Answer 13

Positive emotions strengthen the immune system, enhance longevity, and improve overall health and resilience.

Question 14

What is the role of altruism in health?

Answer 14

Helping others and volunteering are linked to better health and increased longevity, promoting social bonds and positive emotions.

Question 15

How does humor impact health?

Answer 15

A good sense of humor boosts personal well-being, helps recovery from illness, and strengthens immune functioning.

Question 16

How does music influence health

Answer 16

Music, especially relaxing sounds, improves mood, reduces stress, and supports overall health, even helping with recovery from illness.

Question 17

how does emotional expression impact health?

Answer 17

Expressing emotions, especially through writing or crying, can reduce stress, improve well-being, and help in processing feelings of regret or hurt.

Question 18

What is the difference between PTSD and PTG?

Answer 18

PTSD is the ongoing trauma from a traumatic event, while PTG (Post-Traumatic Growth) refers to the positive psychological change that can occur after adversity.

Question 19

What are active and avoidance coping strategies?

Answer 19

Active coping: Directly addressing the problem and finding solutions.

Avoidance coping: Distracting oneself or focusing on the pain, often leading to unaddressed issues.

Question 20

Stages of coping with adversity?

Answer 20

Shipwreck (Stage 1): Life crashes in, causing shock and loss.

Gladness (Stage 2): We survive and find new possibilities.

Amazement (Stage 3): We gain new awareness and see life differently.

Question 21

Dopamine

Answer 21

• B. Dopamine
• Desire and reward areas of the brain stimulated – same areas as affected by cocaine! – less need for sleep, less need for food, delight in the smallest detail, the curl of her hair, the rise and fall of chest when sleeping
• C. serotonin
• Helps us to experience pleasure – and explains why we think about out new love all the time – serotonin levels of new lovers correlated to the basic levels serotonin in OCD

Question 22

oxytocin

Answer 22

the cuddle hormone

Question 23

what hormone is released during orgasm and when nursing

Answer 23

oxytocin

Question 24

Attribution story

Answer 24

• • it is easy to blame those we dislike, to see the faults of other, if we paint them all as bad!
• Reciprocity with a vengeance +self serving bias
• I am good, you are evil
• We are right, you are wrong

Question 25

Functional abilities

Answer 25

Are we able to accomplish everyday tasks (increases and decreases with age)

Question 26

Vagal tone and heart rate variability (HRV)

Answer 26

- HRV measures self regulatory strength - People with high HRV experience more positive emotions - Feel more socially connected - Increased by physical exercises - Heart disease and depression correlated

Question 27

social interest

Answer 27

Alfred Adler

Question 28

how do men and women benefit from marriage

Answer 28

men benefit physiologically from marriage and women benefit GOOD marriages

Question 29

What bpm works best for us

Answer 29

70 cause it resembles our heart rate

Question 30

What kind of emotions do regrets elicit

Answer 30

hot emotions

Question 31

What is perceived lack of control associated with

Answer 31

negative affectivity

Question 32

conditions for PTG

Answer 32

1. optimists 2. having friends and social network 3. belief system

Question 33

reappraisal

Answer 33

meaning making, sense making, telling the story (hot stove)

Question 34

Best time to suffer

Answer 34

20s - we have the cognitive flexibility

Question 35

key aspects of wellness

Answer 35

A zest for life A way of living that maximizes potential A sense of meaning and purpose A sense of social responsibility Skills for adapting to challenges of a changing environment

Question 36

3 markers of excellence in wellness

Answer 36

biological markers, subjective experiences, and functional abilities

Question 37

What does it mean to be engaged in thriving?

Answer 37

Thriving involves adapting to challenges creatively, making better adaptations, and acquiring more competent coping skills in the future.

Question 38

What is vitality?

Answer 38

vitality is the energy available to oneself, defined as a "positive feeling of aliveness and energy."

Question 39

What role does the vagus nerve play in social behavior?

Answer 39

The activity of the vagus nerve to the heart is involved in social behavior. When functioning well, heart rates show more variability in response to social and interpersonal situations.

Question 40

How do psychological factors affect the immune system?

Answer 40

Psychological factors can affect the immune system, and individuals can learn to increase or decrease the number of cells associated with immune functioning under certain circumstances.

Question 41

What did Aristotle and Moses Maimonides say about wellness?

Answer 41

Aristotle's outlook was extended by Moses Maimonides, who contended that friendship is vital for individual wellness.

Question 42

What is "forest bathing"?

Answer 42

Forest bathing refers to going into nature and exploring the natural world without particular goals or destinations in mind, savoring the sights and sounds of nature.

Question 43

What is Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy?

Answer 43

Self-efficacy is the belief that people can make changes in their behavior if they believe they have the ability or capacity to learn the behavior to reach desired goals.

Question 44

According to Haidt, what is the role of adversity in personal development?

Answer 44

People need adversity, setbacks, and possibly even trauma to reach the highest levels of strength, fulfillment, and personal development (according to Nietzsche), but caution is needed.

Question 45

How does adversity affect relationships?

Answer 45

Adversity filters out unhelpful relationships and strengthens bonds with those who care. Losing someone can also increase appreciation for others in one's life.

Question 46

Does adversity change basic personality traits?

Answer 46

Adversity doesn't seem to change basic personality traits but can affect second-level adaptations or life story.

Question 47

What is the "elephant and rider" analogy?

Answer 47

The elephant controls lower-level traits, but the rider controls the life story.

Question 48

What are the three ways of dealing with a crisis?

Answer 48

Active coping Reappraisal (getting one's own thoughts right and looking for silver linings) Avoidance coping (denial, drinking, drugs, distractions)

Question 49

What are the two forms of knowledge?

Answer 49

Explicit knowledge (learned, like in school) and tacit knowledge (procedural knowledge).

Question 50

When is the strong version of the adversity hypothesis most true?

Answer 50

It is most true when adversity happens at the right time (young adulthood), to the right people (those with social and psychological resources), and to the right degree.