Second Half Flashcards
(27 cards)
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- Governs the process of heredity
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
- involved in gene expression, and protein synthesis
Transforming principle
Dead pathogenic bacteria had passed on their disease, causing properties to live non-pathogenic bacteria
Hershey and Chase
DNA is the hereditary information
- radioactive protein, and DNA were allowed to infect the bacteria, but only the DNA had entered the bacteria
Levene
Nucleic acids are made up of long chains of nucleotides
-each nucleotide is made up of carbon sugar, a phosphate, and one of the five nitrogen bases
Five nitrogen bases
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytisine, uracil
Chargaffs rule
The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine
The amount of cytosine is equal to the amount of guanine
Watson and Crick
Used x-ray crystallography to conclude the DNA has a helical structure, and the nitrogen bases are on the inside and the back bone is on the outside
Transcription
DNA unzips and RNA polymerase catalyze the reaction to bring mRNA nucleotides to the coding side of the DNA molecule, forming an mRNA strand
mRNA
Formed through protein synthesis, the mRNA strand creates the complementary nucleotides of the coding strand, and as in transported from the nucleus to the ribosome
Translation
Ribosomes read the mRNA in groups of three bases, called the codons
- As a codon is red, a tRNA molecule with an amino acid attaches to the mRNA codon
- As the next codon is read, the tRNA is inserted into place, the amino acids, next to each other and attach
Polypeptide
Long chain of amino acids
Begin with an initiator codon and finishes with a stop or terminator codon
tRNA
Transfer RNA
Contains the anticodon as well as the amino acid that will be used in protein synthesis
Codon
Group of three bases along the mRNA
Anti Codon
Group of three bases attached to the tRNA that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA
Semiconservative
Each molecule of DNA contains one strand of the new complementary DNA molecule and one original parent strand
Replication origin
The start of DNA replication
Helicase
Binds the DNA at the replication origin and unwinds the helix
Replication bubble
The unwound region of DNA
Replication fork
The Y shaped area of the DNA that is unwinding
DNA polymerase
Add new nucleotides to the strand
- only works 5 to 3 direction
Leading strand
The strand that is replicated continuously
Legging strand
The strand that is replicated in short segments
