second partial quiz bio Flashcards
1
Q
the three postulates of cell theory
A
- all living things are composed of cells
- cells only arise from pre-existing cells
- cells are the smallest unit of life
2
Q
1655-robert hooke
A
observed cells of a cork tree through a primitive microscope
3
Q
1674- antonie van leewenhoek
A
observed microorganisms with the microscope he built
4
Q
1838- matthias schleiden
A
proposed that all plants where made of cells
5
Q
1839-theodor schwann
A
proposed that all animals where made of cells
6
Q
1855-rudolph virchow
A
proposed that new cells were only created from pre-existing cells
7
Q
cells is the_____
A
smallest unit of life
8
Q
atoms are the______
A
smallest unit of matter
9
Q
basic structure of ALL cells:
A
-plasma (cell) membrane
-genetic material (DNA)
-cytoplasm
10
Q
the two types of cells
A
eukaryote and prokaryote
11
Q
what does not have a prokaryote that a eukaryote does
A
nucleus
membrane bound organelles (but has a nucleoid region)
12
Q
where did organelle-containing cells come from?
A
endosymbiosis
13
Q
what do prokaryote cells contain?
A
- plasma membrane
- cell wall
- capsule: gel-like coat coat outside of cell wall
- flagellum: only in some bacteria. (movement)
- fimbriae/pili: hairlike structure, allows reproduction
- ribosomes
14
Q
what do eukaryote cells contain?
A
- nucleus: stores and separates DNA from the cytoplasm
- membrane bound organelles
- plasma membrane. located around the cytoplasm, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- ribosomes: protein synthesis
15
Q
what cell has plasma (cell) membrane?
A
BOTH
16
Q
what cell has nuclear membrane?
A
only Eukaryote
17
Q
what cell has DNA?
A
BOTH
18
Q
what cell has membrane bound organelles?
A
only Eukaryote
19
Q
what cell has ribosomes?
A
BOTH
20
Q
what cell has cell wall?
A
BOTH (eukaryote only in PLANTS)
21
Q
what cell has reproduction? specify what type if they do
A
Prokaryote: binary fission
Eukaryote: mitosis/meiosis
22
Q
structure and function of plasma (cell) membrane
A
- all cells surrounded with
- semi-permeable
- phospholipid bilayer
barrier that protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell
23
Q
structure and function of cytoplasm
A
- the “filling” of the cell
- jelly-like
literal los organelles flotan en ella
24
Q
structure and function of cytoskeleton
A
- made up of proteins
provides support
maintains or changes cell shape
secures organelles in position
enables movement of cytoplasm and vesicles
25
structure and function of the nucleus
- surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores
- contains: DNA, protein and Nucleolus(production of ribosomes rRNA)
stores genetic information (DNA)
*every cell in an individual contains the same DNA but which genes are turned off depends on its function
26
structure and function of ribosomes
- 2 structures known as subunits
small: place where mRNA binds and decodes
large: the place where amino acids are included
protein synthesis which is the creation of protein
can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER
27
structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum
- a network of tubules and flattened sacs
1. smooth ER: no ribosomes, after rough ER
function: synthesis of phospholipids
2. rough ER: close to the nucleus, has ribosomes
function: processing and modification of proteins
28
structure and function of golgi apparatus
stack of 3-20 curved sacs
collects, sorts, and packages materials like proteins and lipids
29
structure and function of mitochondria
- powerhouse of the cell
- double membrane: has its own DNA
gives energy
site of cellular respiration (glucose to ATP)
30
structure and function of lysosomes
ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
- membrane bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
break down unwanted, foreign substances from the cell
APOPTOSIS
31
structure and function of centrioles
ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
cylindrical structures composed of microtubules
found in pairs and move towards opposite ends of the cell in order to aid in cell division and chromosome separation
32
structure and function of cilia and flagella
- composed of microtubes
- same structure, dif length
hair like projections that help in cell movement
cilia: move things in surface
flagella: one point to another
33
structure and function of vacuole
ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
_ membranous sacs
stores substances
34
structure and function of chloroplast
ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
- double membrane
- contains CHLOROPHYLL (PIGMENT) necesarry for photosyntheis: color
fucntion is photosynthesis
35
do animal and plant cell have this? plasma (cell) membrane
YES
36
do animal and plant cell have this? nucleus
YES
37
do animal and plant cell have this? ER
YES
38
do animal and plant cell have this? ribosomes
YES
39
do animal and plant cell have this? mitochondria
YES
40
do animal and plant cell have this? golgi apparatus
YES
41
do animal and plant cell have this? cytoskeleton
YES
42
do animal and plant cell have this? cilia and flagella
YES (PLANT ONLY IN SOME)
43
do animal and plant cell have this? centriole
ONLY ANIMAL
44
do animal and plant cell have this? lysosome
ONLY ANIMAL
45
do animal and plant cell have this? vacuole
ONLY PLANT
46
do animal and plant cell have this? cell wall
ONLY PLANT
47
do animal and plant cell have this? chloroplast
ONLY PLANT
48
ORGANELLES ONLY IN ANIMAL CELL
LYSOSOME: GARBAGE COLLECTORS
CENTRIOLE: HELPS WITH CELL DIVISION
49
ORGANELLES ONLY IN PLANT CELL
CELL WALL: PROTECTION AND STRUCTURE
CHLOROPLAST: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
VACUOLES: STORES SUBSTANCES
50
why is the cell membrane semipermeable?
hydrophilic heads
hydrphobic tails
51
what are the 2 types of cell membrane transport?
passive and active transport
52
types of passive transport
- simple difisuuion
- fascilitated diffusion
- osmosis
53
characteristics of passive transport
- does not require energy (ATP)
- from high to low concentration
- across gradient
54
characteristics and substances of simple diffussion
- does not require energy
- from high to low concentration
substances: Gases O2 and CO2
small lipids soluble molecules
55
characteristics of facilitated diffusion
- does not require energy
- from high to low concentration
- requires a MEMBRANE PROTEIN
substances: ions, some carbs, some amino acids
56
characteristics of osmosis
- only for water!!!
*universal solvent
NET MOVEMENT IF WATER across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
57
definition of tonicity
the ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of the cell by osmosis
58
tonicity: hypotonic solution
less solute concentration than the inside of the cell
water flows in=cell bursts
59
tonicity: isotonic solution
same concentration in solute and in the cell
no net movement of water
60
tonicity: hypertonic solution
higher solute concentration in the solution
water leaves=cell shrinks
61
types of active transport
- ion pumps
- endocytosis
- exocytosis
62
characteristics of active transport
requires energy ATP
from low to high concentration
against gradient
63
characteristics of ion pumps
requires energy
from low to high concentration
pumps are molecules that move ions against the gradient
64
characteristics of endocytosis
requires energy
movement of large molecules or bulk transportation
vesicles form as a way to transport molecules INTO the cell
phagocytosis: large molecules
pinocytosis: liquids and small particles dissolved in liquids
receptor mediated endocytosis: receptor at the cell surface are used to capture a specific molecule
65
endocytosis: phagocytosis
large molecules
66
phagocytosis: pinocytosis
liquids and small particles dissolves in liquids
67
phagocytosis: receptor mediated endocytosis
receptor at the cell surface are used to capture a specific molecule
68
characteristics of exocytosis
requires energy
movement of large molecules or bulk transportation
vesicles form as a way to transport molecules of the cell
