Second Quiz Flashcards
Nervous System
- The network of nerve cells and fibers that sends signals between body parts.
- Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve fibers
- Responsible for all physical reactions, body movements, reaction time, and feeling pain.
- Inactivity makes the nerve cells smaller and reduces the effectiveness of the areas of the brain associated with motor skills and learning.
Skeletal System
- The structure of the body – consists of bones and connective tissues.
- Protects and supports organs and body tissues.
- Osteoporosis – a medical condition in which bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D
o Risk factors – INACTIVITY or an injury that leads to a sedentary lifestyle or immobility.
Cardiovascular System
- Consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries waste products to the organs responsible for elimination.
- Arteries = blood from heart to the body
- Veins = blood back to the heart
- The heart is a muscle, so it gets stronger as it is exercised.
- A stronger heart is more efficient. More efficient means it doesn’t have to work as hard to pump the same amount of blood.
- A person who is considered “fit” will have a lower resting heart rate than a person who is considered to be a “couch potato.” This is due to the fact that the heart is stronger and doesn’t have to work as hard to deliver the necessary blood to the body.
Muscular System
- Consists of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. Permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body.
- Muscle tone – a continuous state of tension that helps to maintain posture. Exercise will strengthen cartilage, ligaments and surrounding muscles which will lead to an increase in the stability of joints.
o Without regular exercise, ligaments will shorten and become less elastic causing muscle tone to be lost. In addition, muscles will lose flexibility and this will increase the chance of injury. - Aerobic exercise helps to control body weight, which will put overall less strain on the muscles and joints
Digestive System
- Organs that ingest, digest, and absorb food for nutrients
- Exercise stimulates the stomach to secrete more digestive juices which in turn increases your metabolic rate so you can break down food faster and then have a healthier digestive system.
- Exercise
o strengthens muscles which make it easier to pass food through the body
o prevents gallstones and constipation - Lack of exercise will make your muscles weak, which makes it harder to pass food through your body – thus leading to health issues
Respiratory System
- Set of organs that allow a person to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
- Aerobic exercises increase the efficiency of the respiratory system. The lungs can distribute oxygen to the blood quicker
- During exercise, muscle cells are using more oxygen than normal and produce more carbon dioxide. The lungs and heart have to work harder to supply the extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide. This shows in a person’s increased and deepened breaths, as well as an increased heart rate.
- When endurance is built, the lungs and heart don’t have to work as hard to keep up with the demands of the body when exercising
Immune System
- A network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body.
- White blood cells (leukocytes) seek out an destroy disease-causing organisms/substances
- Macrophages – cells that attack the kinds of bacteria that can trigger upper respiratory diseases.
o Exercise has been shown to increase the production of these - Immunoglobulins – cells that help with the protection against bacteria and viruses
o After intense workouts, the amount of immunoglobulins decrease - Cortisol – is an immunosuppressive (slows down or stops your immune system from working)
o When we workout, cortisol levels are elevated, so you shouldn’t workout when sick - A person who participates in regularly in moderate physical activity will most likely experience a lower risk of developing an upper respiratory infection (like a cold).
o Physical activity flushes out bacteria from the lungs and airways
Anaerobic Exercise
Short, high intensity exercise that has you working to the max. This type of activity can not be sustained for an extended period of time.
* Without oxygen
Aerobic Exercise
Something that you can maintain for an extended period of time
* With oxygen
Examples of Anaerobic Exercises
- Pushups
- Sprints
- Crunches
- Sit-ups
- Weight lifting
Examples of Aerobic Exercises
- Running
- Walking
- Cycling
- Yoga
Osteoporosis –
a medical condition in which bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D
Arteries =
blood from heart to the body
Veins =
blood back to the heart
Muscle tone –
a continuous state of tension that helps to maintain posture. Exercise will strengthen cartilage, ligaments and surrounding muscles which will lead to an increase in the stability of joints.
Macrophages –
cells that attack the kinds of bacteria that can trigger upper respiratory diseases.
Immunoglobulins –
cells that help with the protection against bacteria and viruses
Cortisol –
is an immunosuppressive (slows down or stops your immune system from working)
