Secret Police

Question 1

Names of the secret police

Answer 1

Cheka, OGPU, NKVD, KGB

Question 2

Roles of the Cheka 1917- 21

Answer 2

• gran req, helped close down newspapers etc…

Question 3

During great terror: how many shot

Answer 3

200,000

Question 4

Why did Cheka independence increase

Answer 4

so during civil war: act quickly

Question 5

after the Civil War : Cheka organised into …

Answer 5

OGPU

Question 6

After the civil war: did terror increase or decrease

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

what did the Cheka do after civil war

Answer 7

• red army under surveillance
• priests killed - 1000 , NEPMEN
• deportation to Gulag - intellectuals

Question 8

What was the Trial of Socialists Revs

Answer 8

in 1922 - 22 killled

Question 9

Stalin: how many ppl killed in purges

Answer 9

20 million

Question 10

3 main secrett police leaders under St

Answer 10

yagoda, yezhov, beria

Question 11

When did Yagoda came to power

Answer 11

1934

Question 12

what happened during Yagoda

Answer 12

• rapid expansion of Gulag - industrialise

Question 13

White Sea Cannal?

Answer 13

• 180,000 prisoners, 10,000 died

Question 14

when was Yagoda arrested

Answer 14

1938

Question 15

when was Yagoda killed

Answer 15

1938 by Yezhov

Question 16

Yezhov come to power

Answer 16

1937

Question 17

How was yezhov called

Answer 17

bloody dwarf

Question 18

number of detectives….

Answer 18

quadripled

Question 19

what was the conveyor belt

Answer 19

speeded up process of arrest, trial, imprisonment

Question 20

Karelian Troika … how many prisoner per day

Answer 20

231

Question 21

Period of Yezhovschina

Answer 21

1937- 38

Question 22

Yezhovschina: how many arrested & executed

Answer 22

1.5m arrested –> 600,000 executed

Question 23

Yezhovschina: % of male pop killed

Answer 23

10

Question 24

Yezhovschina: how many personnel in how many months

Answer 24

3,000 in 6 months

Question 25

Yezhovschina: Impacts

Answer 25

- stalin - stronger than ever - loyalty - demoralised pop - extent of control - unsustainable

Question 26

When was Yezhov arrested

Answer 26

1938

Question 27

When was Yezhov killed

Answer 27

1940 by Beria

Question 28

Stalin used Yezhov as a ....

Answer 28

Scapegoat

Question 29

When did Beria come to power

Answer 29

- 1938- head of the NKVD

Question 30

what happened to the extent of terror with Beria

Answer 30

- reduced ( public trials, only w/ solid evidence)

Question 31

Focus of Beria

Answer 31

productivity of labour camps

Question 32

reforms of Beria

Answer 32

- introduced better food in labour camps | - no early release in gulags

Question 33

Beria: how much gold came from gulag

Answer 33

- 1/ 3

Question 34

during WW2: what did the secret police do

Answer 34

- surveillance of red army

Question 35

what was Smersh

Answer 35

during WW2 - special department to root out traitors - 4,000 poles

Question 36

after WW2: 3 events

Answer 36

- Lenningrad Affaire 1949 - Mingrellian Affaire 1951 - 1.5m soviet prisoners of war interrogated

Question 37

when did Andropov come to power in secret police

Answer 37

1967

Question 38

who were dissidents

Answer 38

people who criticised the soviet gov

Question 39

4 type of dissidents

Answer 39

- nationalists - religious - intellectuals - politicians

Question 40

2 intellectuals and wrote what books

Answer 40

- Sakharov - Ussr and the world - peace Nobel prize | - Solzhenitsyn - Gulag Archipiélago - nobel lit prize

Question 41

dissidents: religion that faced restrictions

Answer 41

- Baptists, Refuseniks

Question 42

actions taken against dissidents

Answer 42

- surveillance and harrasments - psychiatric hosps - prevention - internas exile - inmigration

Question 43

how many pol prisoners 1970s

Answer 43

- 10,000

Question 44

what was the new criminal code

Answer 44

- no night time interrogations - secret police: - declare financial assets - no corruption - promoted en base of their success in dealing w/ dissidents

Question 45

who was sent to internal exile and where

Answer 45

- Sakharov to Gorky

Question 46

who was sent to immigrate

Answer 46

- Solzhenitsyn to USA

Question 47

When was the law & oder campaign introduced

Answer 47

1979

Question 48

why was law & order campaign introduced?

Answer 48

- eco slowdown - war Afghanistan - corruption

Question 49

impact of dissidents

Answer 49

- no threat to pol & soc stability | - leaked to the west - bag image

Question 50

why were there reasons for concern ? | this lead to ....

Answer 50

- citizens saw slow improvements in standards of living - low wages this lead to - alcoholism, poor labour discipline, black market

Question 51

what was operation trawl

Answer 51

method to control work absenteeism