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DIG > SECRETIONS OF THE PANCREAS > Flashcards

SECRETIONS OF THE PANCREAS Flashcards

1
Q

Give 3 functions of the pancreas

A
  • Important in digestion of nutrients, fat, protein
  • Provides the appropriate environment for enzymatic digestion in the small bowel
  • Regulates the fed and fasted states
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2
Q

What is the pancreas divided into and what do these drain into?

A

Lobules which drain into a ductular network

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3
Q

Name three types of ducts found in the pancreas

A
  • Intralobular duct
  • Interlobular duct
  • Main duct
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4
Q

What is the function of the Oddi of the pancreas?

A

Regulates and prevents reflux

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5
Q

What is the acinus?

A

A cluster of acing cells that synthesise and secrete proteins into the lumen of the epithelial structure

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6
Q

What do pancreatic acinar cells secrete?

A
  • Zymogens
  • Digestive enzymes
  • isotonic plasma like fluid that accompanies secretory proteins
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7
Q

What are zymogens?

A

Inactive enzyme precursors

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8
Q

What is the function of pancreatic duct cells?

A

Specialised for the transport of electrolytes

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9
Q

What is the function of centroacinar cells?

A

Function is questioned but they are located at the junction of the pancreatic acinar cells and duct cells

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10
Q

What is the function and importance of goblet cells?

A

Produce mucus important for
- Lubrication
- Hydration
- Mechanical production of surface epithelial cells
- Prevents pancreatic infections

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11
Q

What do acinar cells do in the unstimulated state?

A

Secrete low levels of digestive protein via a constitutive secretory pathway

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12
Q

How are acinar cells stimulated?

A

Stimulation is mediated through CCK receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on the basolateral cell membrane.

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13
Q

What signal pathway do acinar cells use?

A

The phospholipase C/ Ca2+ signal transduction pathway. PLC/PKC / Ca2+

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14
Q

What activates PKC which leads to the release of calcium? (2)

A
  • ACh
  • CCK
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15
Q

What is the main function of the pancreatic duct cell?

A

It secretes HCO3- rich fluid which alikalinises and hydrates protein - rich primary secretions of the acinar cell

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16
Q

What is the HCO3- rich fluid released from the pancreatic duct cell important for? (3)

A
  • Enzymatic optimal pH
  • Micelle formation
  • Neutralising acid
17
Q

What are the two major triggers of the pancreatic duct cell?

A

Secretin and ACh

18
Q

Explain how Cl- recycling works

A
  • The chloride channel that is involved in the exchange of Cl- and HCO3- is known as CFTR
  • It is a cAMP activated Cl- channel
  • It is found on the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells
  • Cl- diffuses out of the duct cells cytoplasm into the lumen of the duct by cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)
  • Cl- then cycles back into the cell via the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger
19
Q

Where is secretin produced and what does it stimulate?

A
  • Produced in S cells
  • Stimulates HCO3- and fluid secretion by the ducts
20
Q

What happens when the secretin receptor is activated?

A
  • Adenylyl cyclase is stimulated
  • This raises cAMP
  • Raised cAMP triggers PKA
21
Q

What type of mutation causes Cystic fibrosis and what is the consequence of this mutation?

A
  • A mutation on the CF gene which alters the function of the CFTR exchanger
  • The CFTR exchanger is prematurely degraded which leads to decreased secretion of HCO3 and water by the ducts
  • There is protein rich primary secretion which causes ductal obstruction and damage to pancreatic tissue
  • A reduced amount of pancreatic enzymes leads to maldigestion of nutrients
22
Q

What is pancreatic juice and how much is produced per day?

A
  • Pancreatic juice which is protein rich which is produced from the products of acinar, duct and goblet cells
  • 1.5 L is produced per day
23
Q

What inhibits pancreatic secretions and how?

A

Somatostatin inhibits pancreatic secretions by inhibiting the release of CCK and secretin

24
Q

What are the three phases of pancreatic secretion and which one is responsible for the highest level of pancreatic secretion?

A
  • Cephalic phase
  • Gastric phase
  • Intestinal phase
25
Q

Why is it important to prevent enzyme activity in the pancreas and how is activity prevented?

A
  • This prevents auto digestion

DIG (6 decks)

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