Section 1 Flashcards
Axial skeleton consist of bones from where
80 bones - skull, thorax, vertebral column
Form the longitudinal axis of the body
Appendicular skeleton consists of bones from where
126 bones - limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles. These bones attach to the axial skeleton
Describe the support function
Provides structural support. Individual bones and groups of bones provide a frame work for the attachment of organs and soft tissues
Describe the storage of minerals function
Mineral reserves for calcium and phosphorous ions held in calcium salts of bones
Yellow bone marrow stores lipids for energy reserved
Describe the function of bone cell production
Red blood cells, white blood cells and other elements produced in the red bone marrow
Describe the function of protection
Bones skeletal structures protect organs
Ie skull protects brain
Describe the function of leverage
Bones act as levers, results in body movement
Bone/Osseous tissue characteristics
Supportive Connective tissue containing cells in a matrix. Cells are called osteocytes.
How does the matrix contain
Calcium salts in the form of calcium phosphate. Account for almost 2/3 of the weight of bone. Extracellular protein fibers, about 1/3 of the weight comes primarily from collagen fibres
What are the Four types of bones classified by shape
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones
Define surface feature
Known as bone markings. Each bone has characteristics that are related to its function like depressions, grooves, tunnels and bone
What is the diaphysis
The central shaft surrounded by marrow cavity in the centre is filled with bone marrow
What is epiphyses
The expanded portions at each and covered with cartilage
Describe the outer layer of a long bone
Covered by periosteum. I slides bone from surrounding tissues and forms attachments with tendons and ligaments.
Describe the inner layer of a long bone
Covered by endosteum that covers the spongy party of the bone. Functions during bone growth and repair
Characteristics of compact/dense bone
Solid, forms wall of the diaphysis
Characteristics of spongy/cancellous bone
Interlacing network of body rods separated by spaces. Fills the epiphysis. Lines the narrow cavity
What are bone cells called
Osteocytes
Where do we find osteocytes
In pockets called lacunae and in between sheets of matrix called lamellae
What are canaliculi
Small channels that contains cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes, Radiate through the matrix, connect the lacunae to blood vessels for nutrients and waste exchange
