Section 1 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the typical outcomes of Upper Motor Neuron lesions?
• Spastic paralysis
• Hypertonia
• Hyperactive reflexes
• Affects several muscle groups
What are the typical outcomes of Lower Motor Neuron lesions?
• Flaccid paralysis
• Hypotonia
• Loss of reflexes
• Atrophy
• Affects limited or small groups of muscles
What is the initial phase of Lower Motor Neuron lesions called?
Spinal shock
What role do sensory systems play in movement?
Provide the ability to use pain, sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch, temperature, and vestibular and proprioceptive feedback to modify movement
Define sensory receptors.
Exteroceptors or interceptors
What does the neuromuscular system describe?
The interdependency of the nervous system’s innervations and its communication with the muscular system to enable movement
What are the main functions of the cerebellum?
Timing, intensity, and refinement of smooth, coordinated movements
What does the brainstem regulate?
Muscle tone, respiratory rhythm, and control of posture during movement
What are common outcomes of injury to the motor cortex?
Affect voluntary movement, frequently leading to spastic paralysis
What movement disorders are caused by damage to the basal ganglia?
Dyskinesias, including chorea
What are some effects of cerebellar injury?
Errors in rate, range, direction, and force of movements, resulting in ataxia
What can injury to the brainstem cause?
Vertigo, facial paralysis, and tremor
What is the role of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in muscle function?
Deliver oxygenated blood and remove carbon dioxide and waste products to keep muscles and organs functioning at optimum levels
Fill in the blank: Sensory input that elicits immediate reflex activity is an example of _______.
Reflex activity
True or False: The spinal cord integrates various reflexes and higher-level activities.
True
What is the significance of adequate cardiopulmonary function?
Supports endurance and allows organs to survive
What happens during flexor withdrawal?
An automatic reaction that acts to protect a limb or body part from injury
