Section 1

Question 1

Who is a personal trainer?

Answer 1

An individual who educates and trains clients in the performance of safe and appropriate exercises to effectively lead their clients to optimal health.

Question 2

What percentage of Americans remain sedentary?

Answer 2

25%

Question 3

List 8 areas of knowledge a personal trainer should know.

Answer 3

Exercise programming, exercise physiology, functional anatomy and biomechanics, assessment and fitness testing, nutrition and weight management, basic emergency procedures and safety, program administration, human behavior/motivation.

Question 4

Where does the energy come from that fuels our physical activity?

Answer 4

Carbs, protein, and fats.

Question 5

What is homeostasis?

Answer 5

The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

Question 6

List an define the two phases of metabolism.

Answer 6

Anabolism - the building up of complex chemical compounds from simpler compounds

Catabolism - the breaking down of complex chemical compounds into simpler compounds

Question 7

What is BMR and how does it relate to our metabolic set point?

Answer 7

The basal metabolic rate is the homeostasis for ones own caloric need for daily activity determined by ones own metabolic set point.

Question 8

What is the relationship between a kilocalorie and a calorie?

Answer 8

A kilocalorie is the measurable unit of a calorie which represents a unit of heat (energy) released from food.

Question 9

What is the thermogenic effect?

Answer 9

The heat liberated from a particular food is a measure not only of it energy but also as its tendency to be burned as heat.

Question 10

What is the respiratory quotient?

Answer 10

A method of determining the “fuel mix” being used giving us a way to measure the relative amounts of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins being burned for energy

Question 11

What is ATP?

Answer 11

The molecule that stores energy in a form that can be used for muscle contractions.

Question 12

What is the ATP/CP pathway?

Answer 12

ATP and CP provide anaerobic sources of phosphate-bond energy, the energy liberated from hydrolysis of CP re-bonds with ADP and Pi forming ATP.

Question 13

What is the glycolytic pathway?

Answer 13

Glucose is broken down to produce energy anaerobically.

Question 14

What is the oxidative pathway?

Answer 14

Oxygen combines with lactic acid resynthesizing glycogen to produce energy aerobically.

Question 15

List the levels of organization in the human body.

Answer 15

Chemical: atoms and molecules
Cellular: organelle and cells
Tissue
Organ
Body system
Organism

Question 16

What are the cellular components that make up a cell?

Answer 16

Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria

Question 17

What are the four types of tissues in the body?

Answer 17

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 18

What are the systems that make up the body?

Answer 18

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Circulatory
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

Question 19

What is the respiratory system and it’s role?

Answer 19

Consists of lungs and air passageways, supplies oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Explain the circulatory system and it’s role.

Answer 20

Consists of the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system and serves as the transportation system of the body.

Question 21

What are the components of blood?

Answer 21

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

Question 22

What is the role of the heart in training?

Answer 22

Takes oxygen laden blood from the lungs and distributes it to the body while also removing carbon dioxide from the blood.

Question 23

Explain the digestive system and it’s role.

Answer 23

Consists of digestive tract and glands that secrete juices into the digestive tract. Responsible for the breakdown of food and waste elimination.

Question 24

What is the nervous system and it’s two major parts?

Answer 24

Comprised of the brain, spinal cord, sense organs, and nerves. Regulates all other systems.
Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord. Receives messages and after interpreting sends instructions to the body.
Peripheral nervous system: relays messages from the CNS to the body and to the CNS from the body.

Question 25

Explain the relationship between the endocrine system and nervous system.

Answer 25

The two systems work together in regulating metabolic activities.

Question 26

Explain the role of hormones in the body.

Answer 26

They regulate growth and development, help us cope with both physical and mental stress, they regulate all forms of training responses including protein metabolism, fat mobilization, and energy production.

Question 27

How long does it take to replenish ATP? CP?

Answer 27

3.5 minutes. 8 minutes.

Question 28

What six elements comprise 98% of the human body?

Answer 28

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous.

Question 29

What six systems are pertinent to health, physical fitness, and personal training?

Answer 29

Respiratory, circulatory, nervous, endocrine, skeletal, and muscular systems.

Question 30

The training effect does what three things for blood vessels?

Answer 30

1. Enlarges them making them more pliable to pressure. 2. Increases their number for saturation coverage. 3. Helps keep their linings clear of corrosive materials.

Question 31

What does rennin do? Pepsin? Lipase?

Answer 31

Rennin works on milk protein preparing it for pepsin. Pepsin breaks done protein in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Lipase is the enzyme that breaks down fat molecules.

Question 32

What are proprioceptors?

Answer 32

Receptors found in joints, muscles, tendons, and the inner ear, are responsible for picking up messages such as body position and movement.

Question 33

What are exteroceptors?

Answer 33

Receptors found near the surface of the skin, which receive information from outside the body such as sight, touch, pressure, heat or cold.

Question 34

What are interoceptors?

Answer 34

Receptors found in the blood vessels and viscera, which report inner body sensations such as hunger, thirst, pain, pressure, fatigue or nausea.

Question 35

What three main things does the nervous system do for the human body?

Answer 35

1. Senses changes inside and outside of the body. 2. Interprets those changes. 3. Responds to the interpretations by initiating action in the form of muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

Question 36

What three ways will hormones act?

Answer 36

1. Alter the rate of synthesis of your cellular protein. 2. Change the rate of enzyme activity. 3. Change the rate of transport of nutrients through the cell wall.

Question 37

Explain the role of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH).

Answer 37

GHRH stimulates HGH release from the anterior pituitary, while hypothalamic somatostatin inhabits it.