Section 1

Question 1

___ are parasitic infectious agents that reproduce when they infect a suitable host.

Answer 1

Viruses

Question 2

___ are single-called organisms that contain DNA and RNA within a cell wall.

Answer 2

Bacteria and archaea

Question 3

____ lack a membrane-bound nucleus and mitochondria.

Answer 3

Bacteria and archaea

Question 4

___ are organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus containing organelles.

Answer 4

Eukaryotes

Question 5

____ range from single-called to all of the complex higher organisms, including humans.

Answer 5

Eukaryotes

Question 6

The protist, fungi, plantae, and animal kingdoms pertain to ___.

Answer 6

Eukaryotes

Question 7

The kind of relationship where two or more different species live in close association is called ___.

Answer 7

Symbiosis

Question 8

___, ___, and ___ are the three kinds of symbiosis.

Answer 8

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

Question 9

___ is a type of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit.

Answer 9

Mutualism

Question 10

___ is a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits without helping or harming the other.

Answer 10

Commensalism

Question 11

___ is a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other.

Answer 11

Parasitism

Question 12

Eukaryotes were developed through a _____ team.

Answer 12

Symbiotic

Question 13

Living things have evolved into three large clusters of closely related organisms, called ___.

Answer 13

Domains

Question 14

The three domains are ___.

Answer 14

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryotes

Question 15

The DNA of ____ is linear and is found within a nucleus.

Answer 15

Prokaryotes

Question 16

___ contain DNA and RNA but have no cell walls.

Answer 16

Viruses

Question 17

Internal symbiosis, where one organism takes up residence in another and evolves into a single lineage, is called __.

Answer 17

Endosymbiosis

Question 18

Evidence for endosymbiosis for mitochondria includes ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 18

Membranes
DNA (mitochondrions have their own)
Reproduction (by pinching in half)

Question 19

Evidence suggests that chloroplast organelles were also once free-living ___.

Answer 19

Bacteria

Question 20

Mitochondria are most closely related to a bacteria called ___.

Answer 20

Rickettsia prowazekki

Question 21

___ live in extreme environments such as Antarctica, deep-sea vents, etc.

Answer 21

Archaea

Question 22

___ explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer 22

Endosymbiosis

Question 23

Genomic evidence suggests that early organisms were ____.

Answer 23

Extremophiles

Question 24

___ are organisms that thrive in what we consider hostile environments.

Answer 24

Extremophiles

Question 25

___s' position near the root of the genomic tree of life suggests that they evolved early in earth's history.

Answer 25

Extremophiles

Question 26

Scientists that extremophiles may have been ___.

Answer 26

Chemotrophic

Question 27

____ entails deriving energy from chemical reactions rather than photosynthesis.

Answer 27

Chemotrophic

Question 28

Photosynthetic organisms such as ___ evolved after extremophiles.

Answer 28

Cyanobacteria

Question 29

To live, all cells need ___ and ___.

Answer 29

Energy | Carbon

Question 30

___ is supplied through the processing of nutrients.

Answer 30

Energy

Question 31

___ is for the synthesis of organic compounds (Growth, reproduction) - it costs energy!

Answer 31

Carbon

Question 32

___ use CO2 directly as a source of carbon and inorganic nitrogen for synthesis of organic matter.

Answer 32

Autotrophs

Question 33

Autotrophs are ___. | Primary producers/secondary producers

Answer 33

Primary producers

Question 34

___ require complex organic carbon compounds as a source of energy and carbon for metabolic synthesis.

Answer 34

Heterotrophs

Question 35

__- refers to the sudden appearance of complex and diverse animal fossils, and all major groups of modern organisms.

Answer 35

Cambrian Radiation of Animals

Question 36

___ refers to the sudden appearance of new organisms that have never been seen.

Answer 36

Radiation

Question 37

Extinctions and radiations can be caused by:

Answer 37

Bolide impacts Climate change Ecosystem and habitat shifts Invasion of new species (evolution)

Question 38

The most severe extinction occurred at the end of the ___ period, when 96% of all species perished.

Answer 38

Permian

Question 39

The big five mass extinctions are (in order)

Answer 39

``` Ordovician-Silurian Late Denovian Permian Triassic-Jurassic Cretaceous-Tertiary ```

Question 40

Name the four major mass extinction theories

Answer 40

Methane release Flood basalt eruptions Climate change Impact events

Question 41

Name the four ancient earth habitats.

Answer 41

Coal forests Ice age Desert earth Snowball earth