SECTION 1: Basic Components/Formal Fallacies/Validity/Strength

Question 1

What reflects strong critical thinking?

Answer 1

In any event, our purpose is to better understand the relevant issues so that we may make an informed decision on the topic.

Question 2

Propositions

Answer 2

Statements that are true or false.

Question 3

Non-propositions

Answer 3

Sentences that are not statements about matters of fact. They do not make a claim to be true or false.

Question 4

Simple-Propositions

Answer 4

Have no internal logical structure, meaning they are true or false on their own.

Question 5

Complex Propositions

Answer 5

Have internal logical structure, meaing they are composed of simple propositions.

Question 6

Premise

Answer 6

The claims, evidence, ideas, and so forth intended to support the conclusion.

Question 7

Conclusion

Answer 7

The claim that the whole argument is intended to support or demonstrate or prove.

Question 8

Affirming the Consequent

Answer 8

Taking the true statement and assuming the converse form would be true as wel.

Question 9

Denying the Antecedent

Answer 9

Inferring the inverse from the original statement.

Question 10

Deduction

Answer 10

Arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion.
- Truth
- Validity
- Soundness

Question 11

Truth

Answer 11

A true proposition accurately represents reality

Question 12

Validity

Answer 12

In a good deductive argument structure, true premises would make the conclusion necessarily true. (If not invalid structure.)

Question 13

Soundness

Answer 13

A deductive argument is sound if it has a valid structure and all its premises are true. (If an argument is deductive but has either an invalid structure or at least one false premise, then it is an unsound argument.)

Question 14

Induction

Answer 14

Arguments where the premises make the conclusion probable
- Truth
- Strength
- Cogency

Question 15

Truth

Answer 15

propositions are true if they ccuratley represent what is the case, otherwise they are false.

Question 16

Strength

Answer 16

In an inductive argument, the truth of the premise would make the conclusion probably true.

Question 17

Cogency

Answer 17

An inductive argument is cogent if it is string and all its premises are true.

Question 18

Abduction

Answer 18

Arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation.