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Chemistry 1 Honors > Section 1 Chapter 1 And 2 > Flashcards

Section 1 Chapter 1 And 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Science

A

Coming to facts and laws based on observation and testing

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2
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and it’s changes

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3
Q

Chemical

A

Any substance with an defined composition

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4
Q

Mass

A

Measure of the amount of matter in an object

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5
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Memory tip: you only matter if you take up space

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6
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element with chemical properties of an element

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7
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substance and it’s made up of one type of atom.

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8
Q

Compound

A

A substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances.

Memory tip: it’s is a compound of multiple atoms

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9
Q

Extensive property

A

Depends on the extent or size of a system

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10
Q

Example of extensive properties

A

Volume, mass, the amount of energy in a substance

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11
Q

Intensive property

A

Does not depend on the amount of energy present

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12
Q

Examples of intensive property

A

Melting point, boiling point, density, conductivity, ability to transfer anergy as heat

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13
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic of a property that doesn’t involve a chemical change

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14
Q

Example of physical property

A

Density, hardness, color

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15
Q

Chemical property

A

Ability to undergo a chemical reaction

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16
Q

Physical change

A

A change that doesn’t change the identity of a substance

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17
Q

Example of physical change

A

Cutting paper, breaking glass

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18
Q

Chemical change/reaction

A

Substances converted into different substances

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19
Q

Examples of chemical change

A

Burning fire

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20
Q

What are signs that a chemical change occurred?

A

Color change, release of gas, energy change, precipitation formed.

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21
Q

What does radioactive mean?

A

Atoms that makeup a substance literally break apart or decay ☢️☢️

Ex: something happened to the joker when he went in something radioactive

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22
Q

Should you trust all scientific claims?

A

You should have some level of trust in them but also think for yourself. Some scientific claims are made for businesses.

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23
Q

What does the word chemistry derive from?

A

Alchemy

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24
Q

What is basic research?

A

Basic research helps build knowledge and can lead to chance discoveries

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25
What is an example of basic research?
Roy Plunkett determined non-stick by accident through basic research
26
What is applied research?
Applied research is carried out to solve a problem
27
Technological Development
Produces/uses products that improve quality of life. It often comes after basic and applied research
28
True or false: chemistry is purely practical
False; for example, fireworks are a result of chemistry
29
What do pharmaceuticals do?
They us computers to build desirable/specific molecules
30
What does forensics do?
They work on crime scenes, making hard to copy money builds, and they must be good at speaking because they are often called to court.
31
What happens in green chemistry?
They work towards reducing waste in smart ways not cleaning it.
32
What is a state change?
A physical change of a substance from one state to another m
33
What is a solid?
Definite shape and volume
34
What is a liquid?
Definite volume but not definite shape
35
What is a gas?
Neither definite shape nor volume
36
True or false: a change of state does not change the identity a substance
True
37
What are the symbols for a solid, liquid, gas, and aqueous solution?
``` Solid = s Liquid = l Gas = g Aqueous = aq ```
38
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a blend of at least two kinds of matter, each with its own properties and identity. (Can usually be separated)
39
Define homogeneous
Mixture with a uniform composition (same proportion throughout) AKA solutions
40
Define heterozygous.
Mixtures that aren't uniform throughout
41
What are ways you can separate mixtures?
Filtration, vaporation, centrifuge, paper chromatography.
42
Define a pure substance
Fixed composition and always homozygous
43
What is an example of a pure substance?
Water because it has a fixed composition of hydrogen and oxygen
44
How do pure substances and mixtures differ?
45
What are the types of chemistry?
Organic - carbon containing Inorganic - non organic Physical - changes/properties of matter Analytical - identification of parts of materials Biochem - process of living things Theoretical - use of math/computers with chemicals and new compounds
46
Where are metals on the periodic table?
They are to the right
47
Where are metalloids on the periodic table?
They are between metals and nonmetals, hugging the staircase
48
Where are nonmetals on the periodic table?
They are to the right.
49
What are columns of the periodic table called and what are they?
Groups or families; elements with similar properties
50
What are the rows on a periodic table called and what are they?
They are periods; they tend to be more similar if they are close then if they are far apart
51
What are properties of metals?
They are conductors, ductile, malleable, and they have tensile strength and luster.
52
What are properties of nonmetals?
Nonmetals are poor conductors and they are brittle.
53
What are properties of metalloids?
They share some characteristics of metals and nonmetals; they are solids at room temp, semiconductors, and somewhat brittle and malleable, and they have some luster.
54
What do the particles of a solid look like?
They are packed together and in a relatively fixed position
55
What do the particles of a liquid look like?
They are close but they can pass by each other.
56
What do the particles of a gas look like?
They are far apart and move rapidly
57
What are alkaline metals?
They are silver, soft, reactivate, and never alone in nature
58
What are alkaline earth metals?
They are harder, reactive (2nd to alkaline) and not alone in nature
59
What are halogen metals?
They are the most reactive non metals and they aren't found in nature
60
What is the scientific method?
A logical method of solving problems by observing, collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing it, and formulating theories based on those tests.
61
What is qualitative data?
Non numerical information
62
Examples of qualitative data
Color, feeling, smell.
63
What is quantitative data
Numerical information
64
Examples of quantitative data
Height, weight, mass
65
What is a hypothesis?
A testable statement
66
What is a variable?
Things you cannot control or allow to change in an experiment
67
What is a control?
Something you don't change in an experiment
68
What is a theory?
Generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomenon. Tested multiple times.
69
What is a model?
An explanation of how phenomenon occurs and how data or events are related. Comes after hypothesis and theory.
70
What is the SI unit for mass?
For m it is kilogram (kg)
71
What is the SI unit for length
For l it is meter (m)
72
What is the SI unit for time
For t it is second (s)
73
What is the SI unit for temperature?
For T it is kelvin (K)
74
What is weight
The gravitational pull on matter
75
What is the SI unit for volume?
For V it is cubic meter (m^3)
76
What is the SI unit for density?
For D it is kilograms per cubic meter | kg/m^3
77
What is volume?
The amount of space something occupies
78
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the measure of the amount of matter while weight is the measure of the gravitational pull on matter.
79
What is the formula for density?
m D= ---- V
80
How to convert between °C and K
Add 273 to °C and subtract 273 to K
81
Dimensional analysis set up
Quantity sought = quantity given × conversion factor
82
What is accuracy?
The closeness of measurements to correct value
83
What is precision?
The closeness of a set of values to each other
84
Percentage error calculation
Experimental - excepted ----------------------------------- × 100% Excepted

Chemistry 1 Honors (3 decks)

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